Xu
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
Was one of many small polities that existed during the Chinese Spring and Autumn Period. It originated before the Zhou Dynasty or at the beginning of its existence.
Establishment
January 1044 BC: The polity originated before the western Zhou period.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
1. Events
January 1041 BC: Xu's existence is first reliably reported by the Yi Zhou Shu for 1042 BC.
January 1038 BC: Regardless of Xu's involvement, the rebels eventually lost the war. The Huai River valley was consequently invaded and subjugated by the Zhou royal army in 1039 BC. To what extent Xu was also defeated during that campaign remains unclear.
January 956 BC: Around 957 BC, the Zhou dynasty lost a disastrous war against Chu. This defeat appears to have thrown the dynasty into chaos. Based on archaeological findings, Edward L. Shaughnessy even speculates that the Zhou dynasty was so weakened that it largely retreated to its capital area, leaving most of its empire to fend for itself.
January 799 BC: The state of Zhoulai occupied the middle Huai River valley from 800 BC.
January 799 BC: Change based on available maps for the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period.
January 799 BC: A part of ruling Ying family broke off to form their own state, Zhongli, which was one of many small polities that emerged during the Chinese Spring and Autumn Period.
January 770 BC: The polity is assumed to existed since the start of the Spring and Autumn period in 770 BC.
January 719 BC: The Xu enclaves of western Shandong aligned themselves with the state of Lu in 720 BC.
January 656 BC: The Shu peoples formed independent states.
January 656 BC: Change based on available maps for the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period.
Disestablishment
January 511 BC: Change based on available maps for the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period.
Selected Sources
Cho-yun, H. (1999): The Spring and Autumn period In Cambridge History of Ancient China, Cambridge University Press, pp. 545-586
Five hegemons of Spring and Autumn period. Retrieved on March, 20th 2021 on https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Five_Hegemons.png
Gernet, J. (1996): A History of Chinese Civilisation, Cambridge (UK), p. 59
States of Zhou Dynasty, Wikipedia, 10 july 2017, https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:States_of_Zhou_Dynasty.png
States of Zhou Dynasty. Retrieved on March, 20th 2021 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:States_of_Zhou_Dynasty.png
