Pius IX, Pope (Papal States (Military Occupation)) : All Data

Pius IX was the longest-reigning Pope in history, ruling over the Papal States from 1846 to 1878. During his tenure, several significant wars and revolts took place. The most notable conflicts were the First Italian War of Independence (1848-1849), the Second Italian War of Independence (1859), and the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). These wars marked a period of intense political and territorial upheaval in Italy, with Pius IX facing challenges to his authority and the Papal States being greatly diminished in size. Despite his efforts to maintain the temporal power of the papacy, Pius IX's reign witnessed the gradual erosion of the Papal States and the rise of Italian nationalism.