Gregory IX, Pope (papal states) : All Data

Gregory IX was a Pope who ruled over the Papal States from 1227 to 1241. During his tenure, he faced several significant conflicts, including the War of the Keys (1229-1230) and the War of the Lombards (1237-1240). The War of the Keys was a conflict between the Papal States and the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, resulting in the Pope's victory and the restoration of papal authority. The War of the Lombards, also known as the Lombard League, was a coalition of Italian city-states against Emperor Frederick II, which lasted from 1237 to 1240. Gregory IX played a crucial role in supporting the Lombard League and ultimately contributed to their victory.