Masud I, Sultan (ghaznavids) : All Data
Masud I was a Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire, reigning from 1030 to 1041. During his tenure, he faced significant military challenges, including the Battle of Dandanaqan in 1040, where he suffered a crushing defeat against the Seljuk Turks led by Tughril Beg. This defeat marked the beginning of the decline of the Ghaznavid Empire and the rise of the Seljuk Empire in the region. Masud I also faced internal revolts, such as the rebellion of his own brother, Mawdud, in 1035, which further weakened his rule. Despite his military setbacks, Masud I is remembered as a ruler who expanded the Ghaznavid Empire through conquests and patronized the arts and sciences.