Crimean War
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Was a war between Russia and an alliance comprising the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Sardinia.
Chronology
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Was the Danubian theatre of the Crimean War.
June 1853: The Danube campaign opened when the Russians occupied the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in May 1853, bringing their forces to the north bank of the River Danube.
March 1856: Moldavia and Walachia (Romania) were recognized as quasi-independent states under Ottoman suzerainty. They gained the left bank of the mouth of the Danube and part of Bessarabia from Russia.
November 1853: Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha, a prominent military leader in the Ottoman Empire, crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. This event marked the beginning of the military occupation of Calafat by Turkey.
July 1854: During the Crimean War, the Ottoman forces led by Omar Pasha crossed the Danube River and defeated the Russian troops in Giurgiu, a city in Wallachia. This victory resulted in the territory of Giurgiu being placed under Turkish military occupation in 1854.
April 1854: In early 1854 the Russians again advanced, crossing the River Danube into the Turkish province of Dobruja.
July 1854: On 26 July 1854, Tsar Nicholas I, responding to an Austrian ultimatum, ordered the withdrawal of Russian troops from the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. Their place in the Principalities was taken by the Austrians, as a neutral peacekeeping force.
April 1854: Siege of Silistra.
May 1854: By April 1854, the Russians had reached the lines of Trajan's Wall where they were finally halted.
June 1854: Siege of Silistra.
Was the Caucasian theatre of the Crimean War.
March 1856: The Ottoman army evacuated Batum.
October 1853: Being outnumbered, the Russians abandoned Poti and Redut Kale.
November 1855: Ottoman field marshal Omar Pasha crossed the Ingur River on 7 November.
March 1856: The Treaty of Paris of 1856 settled the Crimean War between the Russian Empire: it restored the respective territories of the Russian and the Ottoman Empires to their prewar boundaries, with the exception of southern Bessarabia which was lost by Russia to the Ottoman Empire.
November 1855: Kars surrendered to Russian forces on 8 November.
January 1856: Learning of the fall of Kars, the Turkish forces withdrew to the Ingur River.
November 1853: In 1853, during the Crimean War, the Turks, led by Ottoman military leader Omar Pasha, advanced towards Akhaltsike in Georgia, threatening the Russian forces stationed there. The Turks were waiting for reinforcements to launch an attack on the Russian-held territory.
December 1853: In 1853, during the Crimean War, about 30,000 Ottoman troops, led by Omar Pasha and Mehmed Ali Pasha, retreated east to the main Russian concentration at Gyumri (Alexandropol). The territory was under Turkish military occupation at the time.
Was the Black Sea theatre of the Crimean War.
June 1855: In May 1855, the allies successfully invaded Kerch.
September 1854: The ships then sailed east to make the landing of the allied expeditionary force on the sandy beaches of Calamita Bay on the south west coast of the Crimean Peninsula.
September 1854: The allies advanced and on the morning of 20 September came up to the River Alma and engaged the Russian army.
September 1854: The whole army began to march southeast and encircled the city from the south, after establishing port facilities at Balaclava for the British and at Kamiesch.
October 1855: Battle of Kinburn. Russian defeat. The Russians handed over Kinburn Fort to the Anglo-French.
September 1855: Siege of Sevastopol (1854-1855).
September 1854: Anchoring on 13 September in the bay of Eupatoria, the town surrendered and 500 marines landed to occupy it.
The Treaty of Paris of 1856 ended the Crimean War.
Selected Sources
Treaty of Paris (1856), https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10557776?page=,1
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, p.330
