First Crusade
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Was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Medieval period. The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule.
Chronology
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June 1099: The Crusaders reached Ramlah, which had been abandoned by its inhabitants.
March 1099: In January 1099 on the journey to Jerusalem during the First Crusade, the company of Raymond IV of Toulouse came under attack from the garrison of Hisn al-Akrad, the forerunner of the Krak, who harried Raymond's foragers. The following day Raymond marched on the castle and found it deserted. The crusaders briefly occupied the castle in February of the same year but abandoned it when they continued their march towards Jerusalem. Permanent occupation began in 1110.
February 1098: The crusaders capture Harim.
July 1097: The Battle of Dorylaeum took place during the First Crusade and resulted in the victory of the Christian forces.
June 1097: The first objective of the Byzantine campaign was Nicaea, previously a city under Byzantine rule, but which had become the capital of the Seljuq Sultanate of Rum. The Siege of Nicaea took place from May 14 to June 19, 1097.
September 1097: Tancred defeated the Seljuk garrison of Tarsus and started negotiations about their surrender.
September 1097: As soon as Tancred reaches Mamistra, the Seljuk garrison fled the town and the local Armenians acknowledge Tancred as their ruler.
September 1097: Tancred puts a garrison in Mamistra before leaving Cilicia through the Belen Pass and joins the main crusader army.
October 1097: An English fleet in Byzantine service seizes Latakia.
February 1098: The Crusaders captured the ports of Latakia and Port Saint Symeon.
April 1098: After passing through the Cilician Gates, Baldwin of Boulogne set off on his own towards the Armenian lands around the Euphrates. His wife, his only claim to European lands and wealth, had died after the battle, giving Baldwin no incentive to return to Europe. Thus, he resolved to seize a fiefdom for himself in the Holy Land. Early in 1098, he was adopted as heir by Thoros of Edessa, a ruler who was disliked by his Armenian subjects for his Greek Orthodox religion. Thoros was later killed, during an uprising that Baldwin may have instigated. Then, in March 1098, Baldwin became the new ruler, thus creating the County of Edessa, the first of the crusader states.
June 1098: After the Siege of Antioch the Principality of Antioch is founded.
September 1098: Raymond IV takes Albara.
January 1099: Siege of Ma'arra.
January 1099: The Fatimids recover Jerusalem in 1098.
January 1099: Kyrrhos and Gaziantep (Ayntab) were captured by the Crusaders and united to the Maras Seigneurship in the County of Edessa in 1098.
January 1099: Foundation of the County of Edessa.
May 1099: The Crusaders turned inland at Jaffa.
June 1099: During the First Crusade Tancred of Hauteville and Gaston IV of Béarn captured Bethlehem.
June 1099: The Crusaders reached Jerusalem and began a siege.
July 1099: Siege of Duncannon.
July 1099: Godfrey is elected as the ruler of Jerusalem.
August 1099: Battle of Ascalon.
September 1099: After Byzantine troops are garrisoned at Latakia, Bohemond besieges the town.
May 1097: The first objective of the Byzantine campaign was Nicaea, previously a city under Byzantine rule, but which had become the capital of the Seljuq Sultanate of Rum. The Siege of Nicaea took place from May 14 to June 19, 1097.
July 1098: The crusader leaders send Hugh, Count of Vermandois and Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut to Constantinople to inform Alexios I about the conquest of Antioch. Bohemond takes control of most parts of the town, because most crusader leaders cede the districts that they had protected during the siege to him. Raymond IV retains his district and Peter Bartholomew declares him the protector of the Holy Lance.
