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Was the first of the three traditional Italian Wars of Independence. It was fought by the Kingdom of Sardinia against the Austrian Empire but it did not led to any territorial modification.
Chronology
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August 1849: Return to the status quo ante bellum at the end of the First Italian War of Independence.
Was the Piedmontese front of the First Italian War of Independence.
March 1848: In 1848, during the Italian Wars of Independence, the Kingdom of Sardinia, led by King Charles Albert and General Giuseppe Garibaldi, occupied Pavia. The people of Pavia welcomed the Sardinian forces as they entered the city, showing their support for the movement towards Italian unification.
March 1848: General Michele Giuseppe Bes was an Italian military leader who fought during the Italian Wars of Independence. The Kingdom of Sardinia, led by King Charles Albert, was involved in a military occupation of Boffalora in 1848 as part of the broader struggle for Italian unification.
March 1848: The Sardinian forces arrived in Brescia.
April 1848: Battle of the Goito bridge.
May 1848: The battle of Santa Lucia in 1848 was a significant event during the First Italian War of Independence. The Piedmontese forces, led by King Charles Albert of Sardinia, were defeated by the Austrian army. This loss shifted the military initiative to the Austrians in the conflict.
June 1848: The provisional government of Milan sanctioned the annexation to Piedmont with a referendum (June 8, 1848).
July 1848: The Second Battle of Governolo took place during the First Italian War of Independence in 1848. It was fought between the Austrian Empire, led by Field Marshal Radetzky, and the Kingdom of Sardinia, led by King Charles Albert. The battle resulted in a victory for the Austrian forces, leading to the territory of Governolo being placed under military occupation by the Kingdom of Sardinia.
August 1848: On August 9, 1848, Austrian field marshal Radetzky and Piedmontese General Salasco concluded an armistice in which it was established that the Piedmontese troops would withdraw from all of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia.
March 1849: In 1849, during the First Italian War of Independence, Austrian Field Marshal Radetzky's troops defeated the Piedmontese forces at La Cava. This victory allowed Austria-Hungary to maintain military occupation of the territory.
March 1849: Battle of Novara (1849).
August 1849: In 1849, the Austrian occupation of Alessandria and the strategic quadrilateral between Lomellina and Monferrato ended with the peace of Milan.
April 1848: Battle of Pastrengo.
April 1848: The Piedmontese took possession of the Monzambano bridge.
March 1849: The armistice of Vignale was signed in the locality of the same name on 24 March 1849, between the king of Sardinia Vittorio Emanuele II and the Austrian marshal Josef Radetzky. The armistice imposed the withdrawal of the Sardinian fleet from the Adriatic and the temporary Austrian occupation of the stronghold of Alessandria and of the strategic quadrilateral between Lomellina and Monferrato.
August 1848: The Piedmontese were always being pursued at a short distance by the Austrians and on 4 August 1848, in the southern area of Milan, what would have been Radetzky's last attack of the first campaign began on the road to Melegnano. On the 6th the Piedmontese had crossed the Ticino again and on that same day the Austrians entered Milan.
April 1848: In 1848, during the First Italian War of Independence, the Kingdom of Sardinia, led by King Charles Albert, conducted a military occupation of Marcaria. The strategic move involved crossing the Oglio River as part of their campaign against Austrian forces.
April 1848: The siege began on the 27th.
June 1848: The battle of Santa Lucia in 1848 was a significant event during the First Italian War of Independence. The Piedmontese forces, led by King Charles Albert of Sardinia, were defeated by the Austrian army, shifting the military advantage to the Austrians in the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia.
1.1.Battle of Custoza
The First Battle of Custoza was fought on July 24 and 25, 1848, during the First Italian War of Independence between the armies of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia.
July 1848: At 9 pm the general retreat movement of the Piedmontese towards the Oglio began and at 12 noon on July 28 the Piedmontese army was gathered behind the lower reaches of the river.
August 1848: The advance guards of the Piedmontese army, led by General Alfonso La Marmora, were near Milan in 1848 during the First Italian War of Independence. The city was under Austrian control at the time, part of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia.
July 1848: The Piedmontese army retreated behind the Adda ready to resist.
Was the Venetian front of the First Italian War of Independence.
June 1848: Battle of Monte Berico.
April 1848: The bulk of the Austrian forces attacked Udine which on the 22nd, after an artillery bombardment, surrendered.
May 1848: In 1848, during the First Italian War of Independence, the brigade led by Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi went beyond the Piave River to Feltre, a town in the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia. This action was part of the movement to unify Italy and break away from Austrian control.
October 1848: In Osoppo, in Friuli, following the armistice, about 350 patriots barricaded themselves in the village fortress, under the leadership of Leonardo Andervolti , surrendering to the Austrians on October 13, 1848.
May 1848: Battle of Cornuda.
May 1848: On May 5, the Austrians entered Belluno.
July 1848: Venice is the only city in Lombardo-Veneto to still remain in the hands of the insurgents.
August 1849: Siege of Venice (1849).
Was the front in the Papal States of the First Italian War of Independence.
April 1848: Giovanni Durando was an Italian general who fought in the First Italian War of Independence. The Papal States, led by Pope Pius IX, sent Durando and his troops to Ostiglia in 1848 to occupy the territory as part of their military campaign.
April 1848: Durando was a general in the army of the Kingdom of Sardinia, led by King Charles Albert. Pius IX was the Pope of the Papal States. The military occupation of Treviso by the Papal States in 1848 was part of the Italian Wars of Independence.
August 1848: Territorial change based on available maps.
August 1848: Austro-Hungarian forces occupied Bologna.
July 1848: General Welden crossed the Po towards Ferrara starting from July 28.
August 1848: On August 8, 1848, Bologna revolted and the Austrians had to abandon it the following day.
Was an insurrection against Austrian rule in the Cadore region (Italy).
Was an Austrian military operation by prince Franz Joachim von Liechtenstein to restore the deposed dukes of Parma and Modena. .
July 1848: In 1848, Prince Franz Joachim Liechtenstein led Austrian forces to restore the deposed dukes of Modena and Parma. The Duchy of Modena was under Austrian-Hungarian military occupation during this time.
July 1848: Prince Franz Joachim Liechtenstein marched on Modena and Parma to restore the deposed dukes.
Was a small military action by Giuseppe Garibaldi during the First Italian War of Independence.
August 1848: Garibaldi, after two short fights at Arcisate and Morazzone on August 25 and 26, escaped to Switzerland, leaving Luino to the Austrians.
August 1848: At Luino it collided with a column of about 450-500 Austrians who were put to flight, leaving 2 dead and 14 wounded on the field.
Was the Tuscanian front of the First Italian War of Independence.
February 1849: Giuseppe Mazzini arrived in Florence and on February 15 the republic was proclaimed.
Was an Austrian military campaign against the insurgents that had created the Roman Republic in the Papal States.
February 1849: The Austrian invasion of the Roman Republic began with the occupation of Ferrara.
June 1849: Ancona conquered by austria.
May 1849: Bologna and Ancona did not accept being occupied and were subjected to siege. Bologna resisted for a week.
Was an insurrection against Austrian rule in Brescia.
Was a Genoese inserruction against Piedmont-Sardinia.
Was a French military campaign against the insurgents that had created the Roman Republic in the Papal States.
July 1849: The Siege of Rome in 1849 was a battle between the French forces and the Roman Republic. The French military occupation of Rome marked the end of the Roman Republic and the restoration of Papal rule.
April 1850: On April 12, 1850, Pius IX returned to Rome and abrogated the Constitution granted in March two years earlier.
April 1849: A French army corps led by General Nicolas Charles Victor Oudinot landed in Civitavecchia.
Was an Austrian military campaign against the insurgents that had created the Republic of Tuscany.
May 1849: D'Aspre led his II Army Corps to the occupation of Lucca.
May 1849: Pisa conquered by austria.
May 1849: Siege of Livorno.
May 1849: In 1849, during the Italian Wars of Independence, General Franz von D'Aspre of the Austrian Empire advanced as far as Empoli, a town in Tuscany, Italy. This military occupation was part of Austria-Hungary's efforts to suppress the Italian nationalist uprisings.
May 1849: Austrian occupation of Florence.
June 1849: Grand Duke Leopold II is restored in Florence.
Was a military campaign by the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies against the insurgents that had created the Roman Republic in the Papal States.
May 1849: In 1849, an expeditionary force from the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, led by General Carlo Filangieri, invaded southern Lazio, reaching Frascati and Tivoli. This military occupation was part of the broader political unrest and conflicts in Italy during the Risorgimento period.
May 1849: After the defeat of the Roman Republic in 1849, the Neapolitan troops, led by King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies, left Tivoli. This marked the end of the short-lived Roman Republic and the restoration of papal rule in the region.
First Italian War of Independence
