Haitian Revolution
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Was the succesful insurrection by self-liberated slaves of the colony of Saint-Domingue (modern-day Haiti) against French rule leading to the creation of the independent country of Haiti, the first independent nation of Latin America and the Caribbean.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
August 1791: The signal to begin the revolt was given by Dutty Boukman, a high priest of vodou and leader of the Maroon slaves, and Cecile Fatiman during a religious ceremony at Bois Caïman on the night of 14 August. Within the next ten days, slaves had taken control of the entire Northern Province in an unprecedented slave revolt.
September 1793: About 600 British soldiers from Jamaica landed at Jérémie.
September 1793: On 22 September 1793, Mole St. Nicolas, the main French naval base in Saint-Domingue, surrendered to the Royal Navy peacefully. Everywhere the British went, they restored slavery, which made them hated by the mass of common people.
October 1793: In 1793, Captain-General Joaquin Garcia y Moreno led a Spanish force into the Northern Province, which was under military occupation by Spain. This marked a significant event in the history of the region, as it changed the political landscape and control of the territory.
June 1794: In 1794, General Whyte, a British military leader, captured Port-au-Prince during the military occupation of Great Britain in Haiti. This event was part of the larger conflict between Britain and France during the French Revolutionary Wars.
January 1795: The French stormed and retook Tiburon in a surprise attack.
November 1803: The Haitian rebels finally managed to decisively defeat the French troops at the Battle of Vertières on 18 November 1803, leading the first ever group of enslaved peoples to successfully create an independent state through a slave revolt.
May 1798: In 1798, British General Maitland met with Toussaint Louverture, the leader of the slave rebellion in Haiti, to negotiate an armistice. As a result, the British forces left Port-au-Prince on May 18th, marking a significant moment in the Haitian Revolution.
April 1792: A coalition of whites and conservative free blacks and forces under French commissaire nationale Edmond de Saint-Léger put down the Trou Coffy uprising in the south.
May 1794: Toussaint Louverture betrayed his Spanish allies and ambushed them as they left a church in San Raphael.
January 1804: From the city of Gonaïves, Dessalines officially declared the former colony's independence, renaming it "Haiti" after the indigenous Arawak name.
October 1791: In the south, beginning in September, thirteen thousand slaves and rebels led by Romaine-la-Prophétesse, based in Trou Coffy, took supplies from and burned plantations and freed slaves and occupied (and burned) the area's two major cities, Léogâne and Jacmel.
Was a civil war from June 1799 to July 1800 between the Haitian revolutionary Toussaint Louverture, a black ex-slave who controlled the north of Saint-Domingue (modern-day Haiti), and his adversary André Rigaud, a mixed-race free person of color who controlled the south.
June 1799: Rigaud struck first; after slaughtering many whites in South Province to secure his rear, on June 16-18, 1799, Rigaud sent 4,000 troops to seize the southern border towns of Petit-Goâve and Grand-Goâve.
September 1800: By August, 1800, Toussaint Louverture was ruler of all Saint-Domingue.
March 1800: Toussaint Louverture, a former slave who became a leader of the Haitian Revolution, took control of the town of Jacmel.
Was the Haitian invasion of the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo, which occupied the eastern half of the island of Hispanola.
January 1801: In December 1800, Toussaint ordered an invasion of the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo, which occupied the eastern half of the island of Hispanola. Although Spain had technically ceded Santo Domingo to France in the 1795 Peace of Basel, the colony was still controlled by a Spanish administration at the time.
Was the unsuccesful invasion of Haiti, a rebellious French colony, ordered by Napoleon.
February 1802: The French arrived on 2 February 1802 at Le Cap with the Haitian commander Henri Christophe being ordered by Leclerc to turn over the city to the French. When Christophe refused, the French assaulted Le Cap and the Haitians set the city afire rather than surrender it.
March 1802: The Haitian rebeles abandoned the fort of Crête-à-Pierrot.
May 1802: Louverture, a former slave who led the Haitian Revolution, agreed to surrender to French forces. At this point France controlled the whole Island of Hispaniola.
February 1802: The Battle of Ravine-à-Couleuvres, also known as the Battle of Snake Gully, was a major battle of the Haitian Revolution on 23 February 1802. After the battle, France controllled a territory between Fort-Liberté and Lacroix (Artibonite)
