Italian War of 1521-1526
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Was one of the so-called Italian wars. The war pitted Francis I of France and the Republic of Venice against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Henry VIII of England, and the Papal States.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
November 1521: Franco-Navarrese troops led by Bonnivet and Claudius I of Guise captured the key city of Fuenterrabia, at the mouth of the Bidasoa river on the Franco-Spanish border.
April 1522: Battle of Bicocca.
September 1523: A huge English force under the command of the Duke of Suffolk advanced into French territory from Calais in combination with a Flemish-Imperial force. The French, scattered by the imperial attack, were unable to resist and Suffolk soon advanced beyond the Somme River, devastating the countryside and stopping only 80 kilometers from Paris.
November 1523: In October 1523, a French army of 18,000 men, under the command of Bonnivet, advanced through Piedmont towards Novara, where they were joined by a similar force of Swiss mercenaries. The French forces occupied the area of Romagnano Sesia.
December 1523: English retreat to Calais.
April 1524: The French, defeated at the battle of the Sesia, where Bayard fell while commanding the French rearguard, once again demonstrated the power of arquebusiers against traditional troops; the French army withdrew beyond the Alps in disarray.
August 1524: D'Avalos and Bourbon, generals in the service of the Holy Roman Empire, crossed the Alps with about 11,000 men and invaded Provence in early July 1524.
September 1524: When the French troops, commanded by Francis himself, arrived in Avignon at the end the imperials were forced to retreat back to Italy.
December 1521: In 1521, the Holy Roman Empire, led by Henry of Nassau, invaded northern France, capturing Ardres and Mouzon before besieging Tournai. The city fell to the imperial army in November after a prolonged siege.
October 1523: The English army retreats from Paris.
March 1524: Charles V of Spain was able to retake Fuenterrabia from the French in February 1524.
August 1524: Having passed through most of the smaller towns unopposed, the Duke of Bourbon, a general in the service of the Holy Roman Empire, entered the provincial capital of Aix-en-Provence.
May 1522: Colonna and d'Avalos, generals in the service of the Holy Roman Empire, proceeded to lay siege to Genoa, defended by 6,200 men, entering the city on May 30. Genoa was thus freed from the French yoke.
Was a French military campaign in Navarre during the Italian War of 1521-1526.
May 1521: In 1521, during the Spanish conquest of Navarre, General André de Foix led the French forces to conquer Pamplona.
June 1521: The french left Navarre after the battle of Noáin on June 30.
Was a French military campaign by Francis I in Lombardy.
October 1524: French king Francis I crossed the Alps and advanced on Milan at the head of an army of over 40,000 men.
October 1524: Charles of Lannoy, who had concentrated around 16,000 men to resist the 33,000 French troops in Milan, decided that the city could not be defended and withdrew to Lodi on 26 October. Milan was subsequently occupied by the French army.
April 1525: After the battle of Pavia, the disbanded remnants of the French forces, retreated across the Alps.
October 1524: The French troops, led by King Francis I, arrived in Pavia in October 1524 during the Italian War of 1521-1526. The city was a strategic location in the conflict between France and the Holy Roman Empire, ultimately leading to the Battle of Pavia in 1525.
Selected Sources
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, p.162
