Second invasion of Mesopotamia
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Was the second military campaign in Mesopotamia by the Rashidun Caliphate.
Chronology
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January 637: Saad ibn Abi Waqqas, a prominent companion of the Prophet Muhammad, led the Rashidun Caliphate forces in the Battle of Babylon in 636. The victory resulted in the conquest of Babylon by the Rashidun Caliphate.
January 637: Rashidun conquest of Kūthā, Sābāṭ (Valashabad) and Bahurasīr (Veh-Ardashir).
May 637: Utbah ibn Ghazwan arrived in April 637, and captured al-Ubulla and Basra.
December 637: In April 637, the Arab general Hashim, serving under the Rashidun Caliphate, led 12,000 troops to victory over the Persians at the Battle of Jalawla. Following the battle, he laid siege to Jalawla for seven months before capturing the city.
January 638: Rashidun general Abdullah ibn Muta'am marched against Tikrit and captured the city with the help of Christians.
January 638: Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab of the Rashidun Caliphate sent an army to Mosul which surrendered on the condition of paying Jizya.
January 638: With victory at Jalawla and occupation of the Tikrit-Mosul region, the whole of Mesopotamia was under Muslim control.
January 638: Qa'qa defeated the Persian forces in the Battle of Khaniqeen and captured the city.
February 638: After the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah, the Persian forces retreated to Hulwan. Qa'qa ibn Amr, a prominent general of the Rashidun Caliphate, pursued them and successfully laid siege to the city. Hulwan fell to the Rashidun forces in January 638.
May 637: After the conquest of Ctesiphon, several detachments were immediately sent west to capture Circesium and Heet, both forts at the Byzantine border.
March 638: By February 638 there was a lull in the fighting on the Persian front. The Suwad, the Tigris valley, and the Euphrates valley were now under complete Muslim control.
