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Data

Name: Barbarian invasions of the Third Century

Type: Event

Start: 212 AD

End: 430 AD

Parent: Crisis of the Third Century

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Barbarian invasions of the Third Century

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Were a series of Barbarian invasions of the Roman Empire during the Crisis of the Third Century.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

January 257: Dacia was upset with the crisis of the third century by continuous invasions by the barbarians, also due to the shape of its territories which extended beyond the Danubian limes, in the immense barbarian sea of Sarmatia. Already in 256 the emperor Gallienus was forced to abandon a large part of the territories of the North of the Three Dacias (ie all of Dacia Porolissensis and part of Upper Dacia).

January 274: Emperor Aurelian, due to the growing crisis along the Danubian borders, in addition to the secession of the Gallic Empire in the West and of the Kingdom of Palmyra in the East, was forced to evacuate the province of Three Dacias.

1. Germanic Invasions of 212-215

Was an invasion of the Roman Empire along the Rhine border by Germanic peoples.

2. Vandalic Invasion (214)

Was an invasion of the Roman Danube region by the Vandals.

3. Evacuation of the Agri Decumates

Romans controlled the Agri Decumates region until the mid-3rd century, when the emperor Gallienus (259-260) evacuated it before the invading Alemanni.

January 214: The Alemanni occupied part of the Acri Decumates region.

January 261: The Romans evacuated most of the Agri Decumates region before the invading Alemanni.

January 299: Alemanni expansion into the Agri Decumates, a region of the Roman Empire's provinces of Germania Superior and Raetia.

January 358: Alemanni expansion into the Agri Decumates, a region of the Roman Empire's provinces of Germania Superior and Raetia.

January 379: Alemanni expansion into the Agri Decumates, a region of the Roman Empire's provinces of Germania Superior and Raetia.

4. War against the Germanic tribes of 245-248

Was a series of military campaigns of Roman Emperor Philip the Arab against Germanic tribes in the Danubian area.

5. Gothic War (249-253)

With the cessation of the payment of tribute previously made by the Roman emperor Philip the Arab (r. 244-249) to the tribes beyond the Danube, the Goths and their allies, led by King Ostrogotha and his subcommanders Argedo and Gundericus, moved towards the Roman border and began a series of attacks.

6. Battle of Abritus

Roman forces were dealt a bloody defeat by the Goths near modern Razgrad.

7. Frankish Invasions during the Third century

Were a series of invasions of the Roman Empire by the Franks during the crisis of the third century.

8. Gothic Invasion of Asia Minor

Was an invasion of Asia minor, in the Roman Emire, by the Goths.

9. Battle of Mediolanum

Emperor Gallienus defeats the Alemanni to rescue Rome.

10. Gothic Invasion of Dacia

Was an invasion of Dacia by the Goths during the migration period.

11. Invasions of the Juthungi

The Juthungi, a Germanic tribe, invaded Italy in 259-260.

January 260: In 259-260, the Juthungi, a Germanic tribe, invaded Northern Italy, specifically Raetia.

January 357: The Juthungi and Alamanni, Germanic tribes, invaded the Roman province of Raetia.

February 357: The Romans successfully repelled the invasion of the Juthungi and Alamanni in Raetia.

January 384: Barbarian invasion of Raetia in 383.

February 384: The second invasion of Raetia in 383 was repelled by the Roman general Magnus Maximus, who successfully defended the territory against the invading forces.

January 430: Invasion of the Juthungi in Raetia.

February 430: Roman general Aëtius defeated the Juthungi tribe in the region of Raetia in 430.

February 260: The Romans successfully repelled the invasion of the Juthungi in Raetia.

12. Gothic War (267-269)

Was a war of the Roman Empire against invading Goths and Scythians.

13. Alamannic Invasion of Italy

The Alemanni launched a major invasion of Gaul and northern Italy in 268, when the Romans were forced to denude much of their German frontier of troops in response to a massive invasion of the Goths from the east. Their raids throughout the three parts of Gaul were traumatic.

14. Battle of Lake Benacus

Romans under Emperor Claudius II defeat the Alemanni.

15. Battle of Naissus

Roman forces decisively defeated the Goths at modern Niš, stalling an invasion of the Balkans.

16. Vandal Invasion (270)

Was an invasion of Pannonia, in the Roman Empire, by the Vandals.

17. Battle of Fano

Was a battle between the Roman Empire and the Juthungi.

18. Campaigns against Germanic tribes of Emperor Aurelian

The Juthungi invaded Italy again in 271, defeating the Romans at the Battle of Placentia, but they were repulsed by Aurelian after the Battle of Fano and the Battle of Pavia.

January 272: The Juthungi, a Germanic tribe, invaded Italy in 271. They defeated the Romans at the Battle of Placentia but were later repulsed by Aurelian, a Roman Emperor, at the Battles of Fano and Pavia.

February 272: The Juthungi, a Germanic tribe, invaded Italy in 271 and defeated the Romans at the Battle of Placentia. However, they were later repulsed by Aurelian, the Roman Emperor, at the Battles of Fano and Pavia in 272.

19. Foundation of the Kingdom of the Goths

The Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths established a kingdom in Dacia.

January 272: Hunnic conquest of Dacia.

20. Barbarian invasions during the reign of Probus

Were a series of Barbarian invasions during the reign of Roman emperor Probus.

21. Campaign against the Vandals

Campaign of Emperor Probus in Raetia, Illyricum and Lycia, where he fought the Vandals.

22. Campaign of Diocletian against the Sarmatians

Was a military campaign by Roman Emperor Diocletian against the Sarmatians.

23. Gepid-Gothic War

The Gepids unsuccesfully attacked the Kingdom of the Goths.

24. Second Campaign of Diocletian against the Sarmatians

Diocletian campaigned against the Sarmatians in 294, probably in autumn, and won a victory against them.

25. Battle of Lingones

Caesar Constantius Chlorus defeats the Alemanni.

26. Battle of Vindonissa

Roman Emperor Constantius defeats the Alemanni.

27. Origin of the Frankish tribal confederations

The Frankish people was divided into two federations: the Salian Franks and the Ripuarian Franks.

January 301: In the 3rd century the Franks settled in central Europe. They were divided in two sub-federations: the Salian Franks along the coast of present-day Netherlands north of the Rhine and the Ripuarian Franks further south east of the great river which divided Barbaricum from the Roman Empire.