funj sultanate

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Funj Sultanate

Funj Sultanate (Ottoman Empire)

Establishment

January 1505: Funji conquest of the Alodia capital Sobia.

January 1505: The first ruler is Amara Dunqas, who founded the empire in 1504.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Conquests of Suleiman I (Ottoman)

Conquests and wars with Ottoman involvement during the rule of Suleiman I.

January 1527: The Ottomans occupied Sawakin.

2. Conquests of Murad III

Expansion during the rule of Murad III in the Ottoman Empire.

January 1586: The Ottomans had pushed as far south as the third Nile cataract and subsequently attempted to conquer Dongola, but, in 1585, were crushed by the Funj at the battle of Hannik. Afterwards, the battlefield, which was located just south of the third Nile cataract, would mark the border between the two kingdoms.

3. Military Campaigns of Muhammad Ali

Wars that saw the partecipation of Muhammad Ali Pasha, the Wali of Egypt.

3.1.Egyptian conquest of Sudan

Were a series of military expeditions of the nominally Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt in Sudan that resulted in the annexion of the region.

July 1820: When the Egyptians passed the second cataract of the Nile, the ruler of Say submitted.

July 1820: In 1820, the Egyptian army, led by Muhammad Ali Pasha, advanced into the territory between the first and second cataract of the Nile River. The kashif of Lower Nubia, a local ruler, submitted to the Egyptian forces, despite the territory being only nominally under Ottoman rule. This event marked the expansion of Egyptian control into the region.

August 1820: In 1820, during the Ottoman-Egyptian conquest of Sudan, the Mamluks, who were slave soldiers in Egypt, either surrendered or escaped from Dongola. This event marked the expansion of Egyptian control over the region.

November 1820: The main military opposition to the Egyptians in Sudan came from the powerful Shayqiyya confederation, which was defeated on 4 November at the battle of Korti.

February 1821: Ismail himself took the bulk of his forces on a march across the Bayuda Desert and reached the Nile at al-Buqayr, south of Ad-Damir seven days later. .

March 1821: The Egyptians reached Berber, which submitted without fighting.

June 1821: The Egyptian received the official submission of Badi VII of Funj.

January 1823: The Kordofan Campaign of 1822 was led by the Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali Pasha and his son Ismail Pasha. They successfully conquered the territory of North Kordofan, which was part of the Egypt Eyalet at the time. This campaign was part of Muhammad Ali's efforts to expand his control over Sudan and establish Egyptian dominance in the region.

January 1841: A number of territories in modern Sudan and South Sudan were not conquered in the Egyptian conquest of 1822-24, but were added following campaigns in later years. In 1840, the regions of Kassala and Taka were added to the Egyptian domains.

4. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

January 1601: In the late 16th century the Funj pushed towards the neighbourhood of the Habesh Eyalet, conquering north-western Eritrea.

January 1651: After 1650, the Shilluk population, led by King Nyikang, experienced a sense of national unity. This led to a consolidation of power under the monarchy, strengthening the authority of the Shilluk Kingdom.

January 1686: The Kingdom of Fazughli lasted until its incorporation into the Funj sultanate in 1685.

June 1821: In 1820, Ismail bin Muhammad Ali, the general and son of the nominally Ottoman vassal Muhammad Ali Pasha, started the conquest of Sudan. The Turks reached the Nile confluence in May 1821.

February 1841: The Funj Sultanate was annexed to Egypt.