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Name: cuba

Type: Cluster

Start: 1899 AD

End: 2022 AD

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Icon cuba

If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this nation you can find it here: All Statistics

The cluster includes all the forms of the country.

The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:

  • Republic of Cuba (USA)
  • Republic of Cuba
  • Establishment


  • April 1899: Cuba became a U.S. protectorate at the end of the Spanish-American War.
  • Chronology


    Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

    1. Spanish-American War


    Was a war between Spain and the United States of America. The immediate cause of the war was the American support to Cuban independence.

    1.1.Treaty of Paris (1898)

    Was the treaty that ended the Spanish-American War. Spain ceded most of its colonies (the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Guam) to the United States.


    2. Banana Wars


    were a series of conflicts that consisted of military occupation, police action, and intervention by the United States in Central America and the Caribbean between the end of the Spanish-American War in 1898 and the inception of the Good Neighbor Policy in 1934.

    2.1.Second Occupation of Cuba

    When the government of Cuban President Tomás Estrada Palma collapsed, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt ordered U.S. military forces into Cuba. Their mission was to prevent fighting between the Cubans, to protect U.S. economic interests there, and to hold free elections in order to establish a new and legitimate government.

  • September 1906: When the government of Cuban President Tomás Estrada Palma collapsed, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt ordered U.S. military forces into Cuba, starting the Second U.S. Occupation of Cuba (September 1906).
  • February 1909: After the establishment of a new Cuban government under U.S. supervision, the Second U.S. Military Occupation of Cuba was ended.

  • 3. Cuban Revolution


    Was a revolution in Cuba that overthrew president Fulgencio Batista and established a Communist regime led by Fidel Castro.

    3.1.Landing of the Granma

    Was the landing of the Granma, a small boat carrying around 89 Cuban Revolutionaires (including the Castro brothers, Ernesto "Che" Guevara and Camilo Cienfuegos) in Playa las Coloradas, in the Cuban municipality of Niquero. It was the beginning of the Cuban Revolution.

  • December 1956: The yacht Granma departed from Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico, carrying the Castro brothers and 80 others including Ernesto "Che" Guevara and Camilo Cienfuegos. On December 2nd, it landed in Playa Las Coloradas, in the municipality of Niquero.
  • December 1956: Fulgencio Batista's army attacked and killed most of the Granma participants.

  • 3.2.Guerrilla in the Sierra Maestra

    Were a series of guerrilla actions by the Cuban revolutionaries that had their base of operations in the Sierra Maestra mountains.

  • December 1956: While Batista increased troop deployments to the Sierra Maestra region to crush the 26 July guerrillas, the Second National Front of the Escambray kept battalions of the Constitutional Army tied up in the Escambray Mountains region.
  • December 1956: The rebels led by Fidel castro escaped into the Sierra Maestra mountains.

  • 3.3.Rebel offensive (Cuban Revolution)

    Was the offensive by the Cuban revolution that resulted in the end of the Batista government and the establishment of a Communist regime led by Fidel Castro.

  • January 1958: On January 16 the rebels of Fidel Castro reached Veguitas.
  • February 1958: Raúl Castro opened a Second Front and settle in the Sierra Cristal, north of Santiago.
  • May 1958: Batista's troops launch a general offensive in the Sierra Maestra to destroy the Castro guerrillas. Important battles such as El Jigue and Santo Domingo take place. The rebels must limit themselves to the massifs of Pico Turquino, Hombrito, Bayamesa and Malverde.
  • August 1958: Cuban president Fulgencio Batista orders the mass withdrawal of the Sierra Maestra.
  • October 1958: The columns of Che Guevara and Camilo Cienfuegos depart on foot towards the Cuban West. It takes six weeks of hiking through swampy areas of the southern coast of Camagüey and Sancti Spíritus until they reach the mountainous area of Escambray.
  • November 1958: The rebel forces of Castro surrounded the main cities of eastern Cuba.
  • January 1959: Battle of Santa Clara.
  • January 1959: Jiguaní , Contramaestre , Palma Soriano and El Cobre conquered by Cuban Rebels.
  • January 1959: On the Second Eastern Front, led by Raúl Castro, important towns such as Alto Songo were taken, La Maya, El Cristo, Dos Caminos and San Luis were taken.
  • January 1959: At dawn of the 1 of January of 1959 , the troops of the Second National Front of the Escambray led by Eloy Gutierrez Menoyo entered Havana. The following day, the troops of the July 26 Movement arrive , commanded by Camilo Cienfuegos and Che Guevar, taking without resistance the Campo Columbia regiment and the San Carlos de la Cabaña Fortress, respectively. Upon entering Campo Columbia, Cienfuegos excluded Colonel Barquín from command and arrested General Cantillo. Shortly afterwards, the troops of the Revolutionary Directory, under the command of Movimiento 26 Faure Chomón, occupied the Presidential Palace, which caused a crisis among the revolutionary forces. Castro learned of Batista's flight in the morning and immediately started negotiations to take over Santiago de Cuba. On 2 January, the military commander in the city, Colonel Rubido, ordered his soldiers not to fight, and Castro's forces took over the city.

  • 4. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)


  • May 1902: In 1902, U.S. forces withdrew from most of Cuba, which remained a de facto protectorate. They left a military base at Guantanamo Bay, which continues to operate today.

  • June 1934: The Cuban-American Treaty of Relations took effect on June 9, 1934. It abrogated the Treaty of Relations of 1903, so the island ceased to be a U.S. Protectorate.

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