Ethiopia (Military Occupation)

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Polity that includes all territories militarly occupied by Ethiopia that are not part of a specific military territory.

Establishment

January 1895: Battle of Coatit.

January 1895: In 1895, the Italians achieved a significant victory in Quatit, Italian Eritrea, by successfully repelling an invasion force led by Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II. This victory solidified Italian control over the territory and marked a turning point in the First Italo-Ethiopian War.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Italo-Ethiopian Wars

Were two invasion of Ethiopia by the Kingdom of Italy whose goal was to make Ethiopia a colony. The first invasion was not succesful, but after the second invasion Ethiopia became part of of Italian East Africa.

1.1.First Italo-Ethiopian War

Was an ultimately unsuccesful Italian invasion of Ethiopia.

2. 1982 Ethiopian-Somali Border War

Was a war between Ethiopia and Somalia over the disputed Ogaden region.

September 1982: In the middle of July the SSDF and Ethiopia, armed with soviet military weapons and machines, crossed over the disputed Ogaden region into the Mudug region of Somalia.

3. Eritrean-Ethiopian War

Was a war between Ethiopia and Eritrea that took place from May 1998 to June 2000. The cause of the war were territorial disputes.

3.1.First Ethiopian Offensive (Eritrean-Ethiopian War)

Was an Ethiopian military offensive to reconquer territories occupied by Eritrea at the beginning of the Eritrean-Ethiopian War. .

February 1999: Ethiopian forces ha broken through Eritrea's fortified front and was 10 kilometers deep into Eritrean territory.

3.2.Second Ethiopian Offensive (Eritrean-Ethiopian War)

Was an Ethiopian military offensive in Eritrea during the Eritrean-Ethiopian War. .

May 1999: On 16 May 1999, Ethiopian forces launched an attack at Velessa on the Tsorona front-line, escalating tensions in the border conflict with Eritrea.

May 1999: After two days of heavy fighting the Eritreans had beaten back the Ethiopian attack on Tsorona.

3.3.Third Ethiopian Offensive (Eritrean-Ethiopian War)

Was an Ethiopian military offensive in Eritrea during the Eritrean-Ethiopian War. .

May 2000: The Ethiopians launched an offensive that broke through the Eritrean lines between Shambuko and Mendefera, and also crossed the Mareb River.

May 2000: Eritrean forces evacuated Barentu and fighting continued in Maidema.

May 2000: By 23 May Ethiopia claimed that its "troops had seized vital command posts in the heavily defended Zalambessa area.

3.4.Algiers agreement

Was a peace agreement between the governments of Eritrea and Ethiopia that was signed on 12 December 2000, at Algiers, Algeria, to formally end the Eritrean-Ethiopian War.

December 2000: On April 13, 2002, the EEBC border commission, acting as arbitrator, regulated the course of the border line “finally and bindingly” on the basis of the colonial treaties already mentioned.

4. Somali Civil War

Is an ongoing civil war in Somalia. It started in 1991 and includes several related phases. .

4.1.Islamic Insurgency Phase

Was a phase of the Somali Civil War that saw the Somali Government fighting against the Islamic Courts Union and Al-Shabab, both Islamist groups.

December 2006: Somali Political Situation as of December 25th 2006.

February 2007: Ethiopian forces occupied Giohar, Mogadishu, Gelib, Kisimaio and Ras Chiambone, leading to the dissolution of the Islamic Courts Union (ICU).

January 2009: In December 2008, Ethiopian soldiers withdrew from Somalia.

4.1.1.Advance of Al-Shabaab

Were a series of operations by Al-Shabaab, a Salafi-jihadist military and political organisation, that expanded its territories, during the Somali Civil War.

December 2008: After the Ethiopian withdrawal from Somalia, the southern half of the country quickly fell into the hands of radical Islamist rebels. Sharia law is therefore enforced in areas under the control of Al-Shabaab militiamen.