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Was a grouping of French colonial territories in Southeast Asia that included Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, as well as other territories.
Establishment
October 1887: In 1887, the various protectorates in Annam, which was part of French Indochina, were consolidated into one union under the leadership of French colonial administrators such as Paul Bert and Jules Harmand.
October 1887: In 1887, the various protectorates in Tonkin, which was part of French Indochina, were consolidated into one union under the leadership of French colonial administrators such as Jules Harmand and Paul Bert. This move aimed to streamline colonial administration and strengthen French control over the region.
October 1887: French conquest of Cochinchina.
October 1887: In 1887, the various protectorates in Cambodia, under the rule of King Norodom, were consolidated into one union as part of French Indochina. This decision was made by French colonial authorities, including Governor-General of French Indochina, Charles Le Myre de Vilers.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of armed conflicts between the Siamese Ayutthaya Kingdom and Rattanakosin Kingdom and the various dynasties of Vietnam mainly during the 18th and 19th centuries.
1.1.Franco-Siamese War
Was a conflict between the French Republic and the Kingdom of Siam.
October 1893: The Siamese found they had no British support and surrendered to France, ceding Laos during the Treaty of Bangkok of October 3, 1893.
Was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945 (it started sooner in certain regions) between the Axis Powers (mainly Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (mainly the Soviet Union, the U.S.A., the U.K., China and France). It was the war with more fatalities in history. The war in Asia began when Japan invaded China on July 7, 1937. The war in Europe began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. The war ended with the complete defeat of the Axis powers, which were occupied by the Allies.
2.1.World War II (Asia & Pacific)
Was the East Asian, South Asian and Pacific theatre of World War II.
2.1.1.Second Sino-Japanese War
Was a military conflict between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Theater of the Second World War.
2.1.1.1.Japanese invasion of French Indochina
Was the Japanese invasion and occupation of French Indochina.
2.1.1.1.1.Annexation of southern french indochina
Was the Japanese occupation of southern Indochina during World War II.
2.1.1.1.2.French reconquest of Laos
Was the French reconquest of Laos from Japanese occupation at the end of World War II.
2.1.2.Franco-Thai War
Was fought between Thailand and Vichy France over certain areas of French Indochina.
May 1941: Franco-Thai War: Thai annexation of territories of French Indochina.
May 1941: The Japanese, directly interested in infiltrating the region, brokered a ceasefire with France which became effective at 10.00 on 28 January and forced the French to cede the disputed territories in the treaty signed in Tokyo on 9 May 1941.
2.1.3.Japanese Surrender (World War II)
Were the evacuation of the Japanese forces from occupied territories after the formal surrender of the Empire of Japan.
November 1945: Thailand returns annexed territories to French Indochina.
Were a series of wars which were waged in Southeast Asia from 1946 to 1991, by communist Indochinese forces (mainly the Democratic Republic of Vietnam) against anti-communist forces (mainly French, the State of Vietnam, American, Cambodian, Laotian Royal, and Chinese forces). The term "Indochina" originally referred to French Indochina.
3.1.First Indochina War
Was a war between France and the Viet Minh coalition whose goal was the independence of Vietnam from Indochina. At the end of the war the French left French Indochina, which was dissolved and succeeded by the State of Vietnam, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the Kingdom of Laos and the Kingdom of Cambodia.
September 1945: During the August Revolution following World War II, Vietnamese communist revolutionary Hồ Chí Minh, leader of the Việt Minh, declared independence from French Indochina on 2 September 1945, announcing the creation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
September 1945: The Franco-British troops took control of Saigon.
October 1945: In the ensuing power vacuum of neither French or Japanese control, the dismissed Prince Phetsarath and other Lao nationalists formed the Lao Issara (Free Laos) which took control of the government and reaffirmed the country's independence on 12 October 1945.
March 1946: Agreement between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and France where the latter recognized Vietnam as a sovereign state.
December 1946: In December, hostilities between the Việt Minh and the French broke out in Hanoi, and Hồ Chí Minh was forced to evacuate the capital in favor of remote forested and mountainous areas. Guerrilla warfare ensued, with the French controlling most of the country except far-flung areas.
July 1949: In 1949, France officially recognized the nominal "independence" of the State of Vietnam as an associated state within the French Union under Bảo Đại. However, France still controlled all foreign relations and every defense issue.
May 1953: Battle of Muong Khoua.
October 1893: Franco-Siamese War: Kingdom of Luang Phrabang ceded to French Indochina.
October 1893: Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (vassal of Siam) conquered by france.
January 1900: Guangzhouwan was administered by French Indochina from 1900.
January 1905: In 1904, to get back Chantaburi, Siam had to give Trat and Koh Kong to French Indochina.
January 1905: France forced Siam to cede control of a territory on the west bank of the Mekong opposite Luang Prabang and around Champasak in southern Laos, as well as of western Cambodia.
March 1907: Trat became part of Thailand again on 23 March 1907.
April 1946: Laos was restored to France after World War II.
November 1953: Cambodia gained its independence and the independence day was celebrated.
November 1953: The Kingdom of Laos was established in 1953 after gaining independence from French colonial rule. King Sisavang Vong became the constitutional monarch, with Prince Souvanna Phouma as Prime Minister. Laos remained a constitutional monarchy until the communist takeover in 1975.
Disestablishment
May 1953: Battle of Muong Khoua.
November 1953: The Kingdom of Laos was established in 1953 after gaining independence from French colonial rule. King Sisavang Vong became the constitutional monarch, with Prince Souvanna Phouma as Prime Minister. Laos remained a constitutional monarchy until the communist takeover in 1975.
November 1953: Cambodia gained its independence and the independence day was celebrated.
Selected Sources
Flemming, Thomas / Steinhage, Axel / Strunk, Peter (1995): Chronik 1946: Tag für Tag in Wort und Bild, Chronik-Verlag/Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag,p. 38
French Indochina
