Gallic Empire

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Was a breakaway state of the Roman Empire established by Postumus in 260 in the wake of barbarian invasions and instability in Rome, and at its height included the territories of Germania, Gaul, Britannia, and (for a time) Hispania.

Establishment

October 260: The Gallic Empire was established by Postumus in 260 in the wake of barbarian invasions and instability in Rome, and at its height included the territories of Germania, Gaul, Britannia, and (for a time) Hispania.

Chronology

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1. Crisis of the Third Century

Was a period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed due to invasions and secessions. In particular, the period saw the creation of two secessionist states: the Gallic Empire andhe Kingdom of Palmyra.

1.1.Barbarian invasions of the Third Century

Were a series of Barbarian invasions of the Roman Empire during the Crisis of the Third Century.

1.1.1.Evacuation of the Agri Decumates

Romans controlled the Agri Decumates region until the mid-3rd century, when the emperor Gallienus (259-260) evacuated it before the invading Alemanni.

January 261: The Romans evacuated most of the Agri Decumates region before the invading Alemanni.

1.2.Secession of the Gallic Empire

Was the secession of Postumus in 260 in the wake of barbarian invasions and instability in Rome. At its height, its empire included the territories of Germania, Gaul, Britannia, and (for a time) Hispania.

1.3.Death of Postumus

Was the death of the secessionist emperor of the Gallic Empire, after which Roman Emperor Claudius Gothicus re-established Roman authority in Gallia Narbonensis and parts of Gallia Aquitania and possibly Hispania.

January 270: After the death of Postumus, the Gallic Empire began to decline. Roman Emperor Claudius Gothicus re-established Roman authority in Gallia Narbonensis and parts of Gallia Aquitania, and there is some evidence that the provinces of Hispania, which did not recognize the subsequent Gallic Emperors, may have re-aligned with Rome then.

1.4.Reconquests made by the Gallic Empire

Gallic Empire Tetricus was able to re-take Gallia Aquitania and western Gallia Narbonensis while Roman Emperor Aurelian was engaging Queen Zenobia's Palmyrene Empire in the east.

January 271: Tetricus fought off Germanic barbarians who had begun ravaging Gaul after the death of Victorinus, and was able to re-take Gallia Aquitania and western Gallia Narbonensis while Roman Emperor Aurelian was engaging Queen Zenobia's Palmyrene Empire in the east.

1.5.Conquest of the Gallic Empire

The Battle of Châlons was fought in 274 between Roman emperor Aurelian and Emperor Tetricus I of the Gallic Empire, marking the end of the independent Gallic Empire.

April 274: The Battle of Châlons was fought in 274 between Roman emperor Aurelian and Emperor Tetricus I of the Gallic Empire. Fought in what is now Châlons-en-Champagne, France, it was the battle that marked the end of the independent Gallic Empire, and its unification back to the Roman Empire, after thirteen years of separation.