Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
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Diodotus, the satrap of Bactria (modern-day Afghanistan) founded the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom when he seceded from the Seleucid Empire around 250 BC.
Establishment
January 249 BC: Diodotus, the satrap of Bactria founded the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom when he seceded from the Seleucid Empire around 250 BC.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Diodotus, the satrap of Bactria founded the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom when he seceded from the Seleucid Empire around 250 BC.
January 245 BC: Diodotus, the satrap of Bactria, founded the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom when he seceded from the Seleucid Empire. The ancient sources are contradictory, and the exact date of Bactrian independence has not been settled.
Was the invasion by the Seleucid ruler Antiochus III around 210 BC of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom that had separated from the Seleucid Kingdom 50 years before.
January 209 BC: Euthydemus was attacked by the Seleucid ruler Antiochus III around 210 BC. Although he commanded 10,000 horsemen, Euthydemus initially lost a battle on the Arius and had to retreat. He then successfully resisted a three-year siege in the fortified city of Bactra, before Antiochus finally decided to recognize the new ruler, and to offer one of his daughters to Euthydemus's son Demetrius.
January 206 BC: Euthydemus was attacked by the Seleucid ruler Antiochus III around 210 BC. Although he commanded 10,000 horsemen, Euthydemus initially lost a battle on the Arius and had to retreat. He then successfully resisted a three-year siege in the fortified city of Bactra, before Antiochus finally decided to recognize the new ruler, and to offer one of his daughters to Euthydemus's son Demetrius.
Were the wars between the secessionist Parthian kingdom and the Seleucid Kingdom.
January 186 BC: After the defeat in the battle of Magnesia Antiochus began an expedition into Iran, but was killed in Elymaïs. The Arsacids then took power in Parthia and declared their full independence from the Seleucid Empire.
The war waged by Parthian ruler Mithridates against the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom leading to the Parthian conquest of Bactria's territory west of the Arius river.
January 166 BC: Mithridates first expanded Parthia's control eastward by defeating King Eucratides of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. This gave Parthia control over Bactria's territory west of the Arius river, the regions of Margiana and Aria (including the city of Herat in 167 BC).
Was a military conflict fought in 104 BC and 102 BC between the Chinese Han dynasty and the Saka-ruled (Scythian) Greek kingdom known to the Chinese as Dayuan, in the Ferghana Valley at the easternmost end of the former Persian Empire.
5.1.Han conquest of Daysuan
The Kingdom of Dayuan was conquered by Han China.
January 159 BC: Dayuan is the Chinese exonym for a country that existed in Ferghana valley, described in chinese sources like the accounts of explorer Zhang Qian in 130 BC. The country of Dayuan is generally accepted as relating to the Ferghana Valley, controlled by the Greek polis Alexandria Eschate.The Dayuan were the descendants of Greeks forcibly resettled in the area by the Persian Empire, as well as the subsequent Greek colonists that were settled by Alexander the Great in Ferghana in 329 BC, and had prospered within the Hellenistic realm of the Seleucids and Greco-Bactrians, until they were isolated by the migrations of the Yuezhi around 160 BC.
January 204 BC: In 206-205 BC Antiochos III (222-187 BC) seems to have recovered Drangiana for the Seleucids during his Anabasis.
January 199 BC: After the departure of the Seleucid army, the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, under the rule of King Euthydemus I and his son Demetrius I, experienced maximal northern expansion on the map around -200. This expansion marked a significant period of territorial growth and influence for the kingdom.
January 199 BC: After the departure of the Seleucid army, the kingdom seems to have expanded, in particular towards the west, probably incorporating portions of the Parthian territory, whose ruler Arsaces II had been defeated by Antiochus III.
January 199 BC: In the second half of the 3rd century BC it was at least temporarily annexed by Euthydemos I of Bactria.
January 189 BC: As Mauryan power declined, the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom based in modern Afghanistan declared its independence from the Seleucid Empire, and quickly seized ancient Peshawar around 190 BC.
January 175 BC: Phraates I was the king of the Parthian Empire from 176-171 BC. He successfully expanded Parthia's territory beyond the Gates of Alexander by occupying Apamea Ragiana, a strategic city in the region. This conquest solidified Parthia's control over the area and demonstrated Phraates I's military prowess.
January 174 BC: Demetrius I, also known as Demetrius the Invincible, was a Greek king who started an invasion of the northwestern Indian subcontinent from 180 BC. The invasion was completed by 175 BC, leading to the territory falling under the control of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom.
January 169 BC: The Indo-Greeks were forced to abandon the territories further east, moving the frontier with the Sunga to Mathura.
January 169 BC: Margiana, located in present-day Turkmenistan, was conquered by the Parthians under the rule of Mithridates I of Parthia around 170 BC. Mithridates I was a prominent ruler of the Parthian Empire known for expanding its territories through military conquests.
January 166 BC: Aeria and surroundings became part of the Parthian Empire in 167 BC.
January 149 BC: The history of the Kuninda Kingdom is documented from around the 2nd century BC.
January 149 BC: The Indo-Scythians established a kingdom in the northwest of India, based near Taxila, with two great Satraps, one in Mathura in the east, and one in Surastrene (Gujarat) in the southwest.
January 129 BC: The Yaudheya Republic occupied large amounts of territories in north-western India, particularly those that were part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom.
January 127 BC: Kangju was an ancient kingdom in Central Asia which became for a couple of centuries the second greatest power in Transoxiana after the Yuezhi. Kangju was mentioned by the Chinese traveller and diplomat Zhang Qian who visited the area c. 128 BC.
Disestablishment
January 119 BC: The greco-bactrian kingdom ended with the invasion of the yuezhi. What remained of the kingdom in india become the indo-greek kingdom.
