Himyarite Kingdom
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Was an ancient kingdom in southern Arabia that emerged from the Qatabanian kingdom.
Establishment
January 109 BC: Until 110 BC, the Himyarite kingdom was integrated into the Qatabanian kingdom, afterwards being recognized as an independent kingdom.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
The governor of the Roman province of Egypt, Gaius Aelius Gallus, led an expedition to the southern Arabian Peninsula.
January 23 BC: The prefect of Egypt, Aelius Gallus, was sent by Augustus through Arabia Felix to the kingdom of Saba, with the aim of subduing the rich territories of the Arabs. He reached the city of Negrani (Najran Oasis), whose territory was peaceful and fertile, and whose king had fled, leaving the city to be occupied at the first assault. Immediately afterwards Gallus occupied the city called Asca (Pliny's Nasca in present-day Omrân), also abandoned by its king. From here he went to a city called Athrula, which he surrendered without setting any conditions. He continued his march again, advancing to the city called Marsiaba or Mariaba (present-day Ma'rib in Yemen), which belonged to the tribe of the Rhammanitae, whose king was a certain Ilasarus. The city was besieged for six days, but managed to hold out. Then he reached the locality of Hepta Phreatae. From here, marching through peaceful country, he came to a village called Chaalla, and again to another village called Malotha, which was near a river. He crossed a deserted country with few irrigated places, up to a village called Egra (or Egracômé), a locality located on the sea, in the territory of Oboda.
February 23 BC: The Romans leave Nagrani, Asca, Athrula, Marsiaba (only siege), Hepta Phretae, Malotha, Chaalla, Egra, Myoshormos, Coptos in the Arabian Peninsula, after a short occupation.
The northeast African Kingdom of Aksum invaded and conquered the Himyarite Kingdom in south Arabia.
January 526: The Himyarite Kingdom, ruled by King Yusuf As'ar Yath'ar, fell to the Kingdom of Aksum in 525 CE. The Kingdom of Aksum, located in present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea, was a powerful ancient civilization known for its trade and military prowess.
January 99 BC: Saba' was conquered by the Himyarite Kingdom in the first century BC.
January 24 BC: The Himyarite Kingdom conquered neighbouring Qataban in c. 25 BC.
January 101: In the early 2nd century AD, the Kingdom of Ḥimyar experienced a split when Saba' and Qataban seceded. Saba' was known for its prosperous civilization and advanced irrigation systems, while Qataban was a prominent kingdom in southern Arabia known for its agricultural wealth and trade routes.
January 101: In the early 2nd century AD, the territories of Saba and Qataban split from the Kingdom of Ḥimyar. This division marked a significant shift in power dynamics within the region, as Saba and Qataban emerged as independent entities with their own distinct cultures and political structures.
January 201: In 200 CE, the territory of Qataban was annexed by the Himyarite Kingdom. Qataban was an ancient kingdom located in present-day Yemen, known for its agricultural prosperity and advanced irrigation systems. The Himyarite Kingdom was a powerful South Arabian kingdom that controlled much of the region during this time.
January 281: The Himyarite Kingdom conquered the Sabaean Kingdom around 280.
January 301: The Kingdom of Hadhramaut ceased to exist by the end of the third century AD, having been annexed by the Himyarite Kingdom.
Disestablishment
January 526: The Himyarite Kingdom, ruled by King Yusuf As'ar Yath'ar, fell to the Kingdom of Aksum in 525 CE. The Kingdom of Aksum, located in present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea, was a powerful ancient civilization known for its trade and military prowess.
