Kingdom of Lydia
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Was an Iron Age kingdom that at its largest extent occupied most of the western part of Anatolia. In 546 BC, it became a province of the Achaemenid Persian Empire.
Establishment
January 679 BC: The Kingdom of Lydia is mentioned for the first time by historical sources when Gyges was is king.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a war between the Greek city-state of Miletus and the Kingdom of Lydia.
January 614 BC: King Ardis only managed to take the city of Priene, adjacent to Miletus, and his successor Sadiatt (630-618 BC), who also besieged Smyrna , won nothing.
Was a war between the ancient Kingdom of Lydia and the Confederation of the Medes.
January 584 BC: During the main battle on May 28, 585 BC there was a solar eclipse. In superstitious fear, the warriors of both sides stopped the battle, and the kings hastened to make peace, and the Galis River was recognized as the border of both kingdoms. As a result, Media annexed Cappadocia .
Conquests by the Lydian king Croesus.
January 559 BC: Conquered by the Kingdom of Lydia. By the start of the reign of Lydian King Croesus (560 BCE), he and his father Alyattes I had conquered (or de facto controlled) most of the Greek Poleis of Asia minor.
January 559 BC: Mysia was subject to Croesus, king of Lydia, who reigned from 560 to 546 BC.
January 555 BC: The region of Carla came under the control of the Lydian king Alyattes.
Were a series of expansionistic military campaigns by the first Achaemenid ruler Cyrus the Great.
4.1.Cyrus' Conquest of the Lydian Empire
Was a war between the Achaemenid and the Lydian Empires that ended with the demise of the latter.
December 547 BC: Battle of Pteria: in 547 BC, the Persian forces of Cyrus the Great fought a drawn battle with the invading Lydian forces of Croesus, forcing Croesus to withdraw back west into his own kingdom.
January 546 BC: The Battle of Thymbra was the decisive battle in the war between Croesus of the Lydian Kingdom and Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire. The battle was won by the Persians led by Cyrus the Great. Lydia became the Persian satrapy Sparda.
January 643 BC: Gyges waged war against some Anatolian Greek cities, failing at Miletus and Smyrna, but largely bringing the Troas under Lydian control.
January 630 BC: Greek colony established by Miletos in the VII century BC.
January 599 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Kolonai (Asia Minor) is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 599 BC: Achilleion was a Greek Polis (city-state) in the ancient region of Troad. Recent excavations have established that the walls of the settlement also date to the first half of the 6th century BC.
January 599 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Astyra is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 599 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Birytis is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 599 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Dardanos is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 599 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Gentinos is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 599 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Gergis is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 599 BC: Hamaxitus is believed to have first been settled by Mytilenaeans in the 8th or 7th centuries BC.
January 599 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Kokylion is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 599 BC: Kolonai (Troas) was a greek polis in the ancient region of Troas.
January 599 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Ophryneion is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 599 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Arisbe is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 599 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Skepsis is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 599 BC: Gargara was a greek polis in the ancient region of Troas. In the 7th century BC the poet Alcman said that the settlement of was inhabited by Leleges.
January 599 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Perkote is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 599 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Palaiperkote is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 599 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Astyra Troika is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 599 BC: According to Herodotus, Paphlagonia was in the sixth century BC under the reign of Croesus, king of Lydia.
January 599 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Didymon Teichos is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 599 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Harpagion is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
May 585 BC: Under Alyattes II, the Lydian empire expanded to the Halys, with the Phrygians also coming under Lydian suzerainty. East of the Halys began the Media kingdom of Cyaxares II, with whom Alyattes was at war from 590. The boundary line at Halys was confirmed in the Battle of Halys, in which, because of the sudden solar eclipse of May 28, 585 BC. no fighting took place at all.
May 585 BC: The war between the Lydians and the Medes was ended in -585 when a solar eclipse, predicted by Thales of Miletus, occurred on May 28. The event was so terrifying to both sides that they quickly made peace up to the border with Lydia, with the territory going to the Median Empire.
January 560 BC: Lydian state at the beginning of the reing of Croesus.
January 549 BC: The earliest Greek archaeological remains found at Cebren, a greek polis in the ancient region of Troas, date to the mid-7th and early 6th century BC.
Disestablishment
January 546 BC: The Battle of Thymbra was the decisive battle in the war between Croesus of the Lydian Kingdom and Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire. The battle was won by the Persians led by Cyrus the Great. Lydia became the Persian satrapy Sparda.
Selected Sources
Hansen, M. G. / Nielsen, T. H. (2004): An inventory of archaic and classic polities, Oxford University Press, p. 1394
Leloux, K. (2018): La Lydie d'Alyatte et Crésus: Un royaume à la croisée des cités grecques et des monarchies orientales. Recherches sur son organisation interne et sa politique extérieure, Liège (Belgium), pp. 2 and 22
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, pp.7-9
