Durrani Empire
This article is about the specific polity Durrani Empire and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
Was an Afghan empire that was founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747. At its largest territorial extent, it ruled over the present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, parts of northeastern and southeastern Iran, eastern Turkmenistan, and northwestern India. Next to the Ottoman Empire, the Durrani Empire is considered to be among the most impactful Muslim empires of the latter half of the 18th century.
Establishment
January 1748: In 1747, Peshawar was taken by Ahmad Shah Durrani, also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali, who was the founder of the Afghan Durrani Empire. Ahmad Shah Durrani was a prominent military leader who established the empire in the region.
January 1748: Ahmad Shah Durrani, also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali, was a Pashtun military leader who founded the Durrani Empire in 1747. He successfully united various Afghan tribes.
January 1748: After Nader Shah's death and Ahmad Shah Durrani's rise to power in 1747, Herat became part of Afghanistan.
January 1748: Ahmad Shah Abdali declared his independence by founding the Durrani Empire.
January 1748: Kasur, a town in present-day Pakistan, was captured by Ahmad Shah Durrani, the founder of the Durrani Empire.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Expansion during the rule of Ahmad Shah Durrani in the Durrani Empire.
January 1749: Durrani conquest of Ghazni and Kabul.
January 1750: In 1749 the Mughal ruler ceded sovereignty over much of north-west India to the Afghans.
January 1751: Emir Ahmad Shah of the Durrani Empire set out westward and took possession of Mashhad, which was ruled by Shahrokh Shah.
January 1752: In 1751, the Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Durrani of the Durrani Empire gained control of Kashmir. This marked the beginning of Durrani rule in the region, which lasted until the early 19th century.
January 1761: Shah Durrani, who was the founder of the Durrani Empire, sent an army to conquer the areas north of the Hindu Kush mountains, successfully uniting various tribes under his rule.
Was a civil war in Persia that led to the end of the Afsharid Dynasty, whose place was taken by the Qajar Dynasty.
Expansion during the rule of Ranjit Singh in the Sikh Empire.
January 1810: Sikh invasion of the Kangra region.
January 1819: Ranjit Singh, the founder of the Sikh Empire, invaded Peshawar in 1818 and captured it from the Durranis, establishing Sikh control over the region. Singh was a powerful ruler known for his military conquests in the Indian subcontinent.
January 1820: In 1819, the Kashmir Valley passed from the control of the Durrani Empire of Afghanistan to the conquering armies of the Sikhs under Ranjit Singh.
3.1.Afghan-Sikh Wars
Were a series of military conflicts between the Durrani Empire and the Sikh Empire that took place mainly in the Punjab region.
January 1779: The city of Multan reverted to Afghan rule under the suzerainty of Nawab Muzaffar Khan in 1778.
July 1813: Battle of Attock.
June 1818: Siege of Multan.
July 1819: Battle of Shopian: Srinagar and Kashmir annexed into the Sikh Empire.
March 1823: Battle of Nowshera: Peshawar Valley annexed by the Sikh Empire.
January 1751: However, Shaibani was defeated by the Iranian Saffavids but somehow the Uzbek elements remained from then up to day in the region until in the 18th and 19th centuries, Maymana became for the first time the centre of an independent Uzbek khanate.
January 1751: The state of Makran was established in the eighteenth century by native sardars of the Gichki Baloch family of Makran.
January 1751: Sheberghān became the capital of an independent Uzbek khanate.
January 1773: Kapurthala State established.
January 1773: In 1772, Timur Shah, the son of Afghan ruler Ahmed Shah Durrani, lost control of Multan to Sikh forces led by Charat Singh of the Maratha Empire. This marked a significant shift in power dynamics in the region.
January 1774: Ahmad Shah Durrani, also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali, was the founder of the Durrani Empire. He lost control of Punjab to the Sikhs, who were led by leaders such as Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The Maratha Empire also took advantage of Durrani's weakened state to expand their territory.
January 1784: Four branches of the dynasty of Talpur were established following the defeat of the Kalhora dynasty at the Battle of Halani in 1783.
January 1784: Mir Fateh Ali Khan was the ruler of the Talpur dynasty in Sindh. His nephew, Mir Sohrab Khan Talpur, founded the Khairpur State in 1783 after establishing a branch of the dynasty in Burahan. The territory was renamed Khairpur in honor of its new rulers.
January 1786: Bahawal Khan, the founder of the Abbasi dynasty, returned to conquer the fort of Bahawalpur in 1785 by way of Uch. He successfully re-established control of the territory, which then became known as Bahawalpur State.
January 1786: In 1785, the Durrani Empire's commander Sirdar Khan, acting on behalf of Mian Abdul Nabi Kalhora of Sindh, attacked Bahawalpur city, leading to the destruction of many buildings.
January 1801: After the conquest of Badakhshan by Ahmad Shah Durrani in the later half of the 18th century, the capital was relocated to Faizabad, then known as Jauzun.
January 1802: The formal start of the Sikh Empire began with the unification of the Misls (states) by 1801, creating a unified political state.
January 1802: The region of Badakshan became part of the Emirate of Bukhara.
January 1821: Expansion of the Qing Dynasty by 1820 after the so-called "Ten Great Campaigns".
Disestablishment
January 1824: The Emirate of Afghanistan emerged from the Durrani Empire, when Dost Mohammed Khan, the founder of the Barakzai dynasty in Kabul, became Emir in 1826.
Selected Sources
Hugh, C. (1911): Ranjit Singh, Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol. 22 (11th ed.), Cambridge (UK), p. 892
