Ghaznavids
This article is about the specific polity Ghaznavids and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
Was an empire in modern-day Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India. Originated as an offshoot of the Samanid Empire in its provinces south of the Oxus, it went to conquer large regions. In 1186 the Ghaznavids were overthrown by the Ghurids.
Establishment
January 978: The governors of Ghazna became de facto independent from the Samanids under Sabuktigin, who established the Ghaznavid Empire.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Expansion during the rule of Mahmud of the Ghaznavids.
January 998: In 997, Mahmud of Ghazni completed the conquest of the Samanid and Shahi territories, including the Ismaili Kingdom of Multan, Sindh, as well as some Buwayhid territory.
January 1000: By 999 AD the domains of the Samanids were split up between the Ghaznavids, who gained Khorasan and Afghanistan, and the Karakhanids, who took Transoxiana.
November 1001: After the Battle of Peshawar of 28 November 1001, Mahmud of Ghazni established his rule in the Peshawar region.
January 1004: In 1002, Mahmud of Ghazni invaded Sistan, dethroned Khalaf I and finally ended the Saffarid dynasty.
January 1006: In 1005 Mahmud of Ghazni led an expedition against Multan's Qarmatian ruler Abdul Fateh Daud. The city was surrendered, and Fateh Daud was permitted to retain control over the city with the condition that he adhere to Sunnism.
January 1011: When Farighunid Abu'l-Nasr died in around 1010, Muhammad of Ghazni took over the rule of Guzgan, even though Abu'l-Nasr had left a son, Hasan.
January 1018: Ghaznavid conquest of Khwarezm.
January 1019: Mahmud of Ghazni expanded up to Kannauj in 1018.
January 1026: During the reign of Chaulukya King Bhima I, the Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud invaded the Kingdom and raided the Somnath temple during 1024-1025 CE.
January 1027: Trilochana Pala of the Hindu Shahi Dynasty was killed in the conquest campaigns of Mahmud of Ghazni in 1021. His sons fled to Kashmir and five years later (1026) the last king of the dynasty, Bhima Pala, was defeated by the Ghaznavids.
January 1027: The Habbaris ruled Sindh until they were defeated by Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi in 1026, who then went on to destroy the old Habbari capital of Mansura, and annex the region to the Ghaznavid empire, thereby ending Arab rule of Sindh.
January 1030: In 1029, Buyid ruler Majd al-Dawla, who was facing an uprising by his Daylami troops in Ray, requested assistance from Mahmud of Ghazni. When Sultan Mahmud arrived, he deposed Majd al-Dawla, replaced him with a Ghaznavid governor and ended the Buyid dynasty in Ray.
Expansion during the rule of Tughril I in the Seljuk Empire.
January 1036: The Seljuk Empire or Seljuq Empire was established and ruled by the Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks.
January 1038: The Seljuk Empire Capture Merv and Nishapur (1037).
January 1038: In 1037, the Seljuqs managed to force the Ghaznavids to cede them Sarakhs, Abivard and Marw.
May 1040: In 1040 at the Battle of Dandanaqan, the Seljuqs decisively defeated Mas'ud I of the Ghaznavids, forcing him to abandon most of his western territories.
January 1041: Mas'ud was unable to preserve the empire and following a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Dandanaqan in 1040, he lost all the Ghaznavid lands in Iran and Central Asia to the Seljuks.
January 1043: In 1041/2, Seljuk Sultan Tughril conquered Tabaristan and Gurgan.
January 1045: Seljuk sultan moved on to the conquest of the Iranian plateau in 1040-1044.
2.1.Battle of Dandanaqan
Fought in 1040 between the Seljuqs and the Ghaznavid Empire near the city of Merv (present-day Turkmenistan). The battle ended with a Seljuq victory and brought down the Ghaznavid domination in the Khorasan.
Expansion during the rule of Malik Shah I in the Seljuk Empire.
January 1073: Territorial change based on available maps.
January 991: Sabuktigin, the founder of the Ghaznavid Empire, began expanding the Empire by capturing Samanid and Kabul Shahi territories, including most of what is now Afghanistan and part of Pakistan.
January 1022: The Kakuyids were given control of Isfahan in or before 1008 by Sayyida Shirin, who held the regencies of her young Buyid sons Majd al-Dawla of Ray and Shams al-Dawla of Hamadan. The man who was given the administration of the city was Muhammad ibn Rustam Dushmanziyar. Over time, he effectively became independent of Buyid control.
January 1025: The Kakuyids invaded and took control of Hamadan in 1023 or 1024.
February 1026: During the reign of Chaulukya King Bhima I, the Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud invaded the Kingdom and raided the Somnath temple during 1024-1025 CE.
January 1035: In 1034 Harun revolted against Ghaznavid Sultan Mas'ud, assuming the title of Khwarazm-Shah.
January 1036: Ghazni ruler Mas'ud managed to put an end to the revolt of Harun by gaining the support of Harun's guards, who assassinated him.
January 1036: The Kachchhapaghatas were originally the vassals of the Pratiharas and the Chandelas. After the death of the Chandela king Vidyadhara, the Chandela kingdom was weakened by repeated Muslim (Yamini) invasions. Taking advantage of this situation, the Kachchhapaghatas gave up their allegiance to the Chandelas and established their independent domain.
January 1037: The Chaulukyas were one of the several dynasties that rose to power amid the decline of the Gurjara-Pratihara and the Rashtrakuta empires.
January 1039: By 1038 AD the Ganga Dynasty reigned over the entire region of Kalinga.
January 1041: Ghaznavid ruler Mas'ud, after having returned to Khorasan, expelled the Seljuqs from Herat and Nishapur.
January 1051: The first modern recorded mention of the state of Kangra is from the 11th century AD. The Katoch dynasty are reputed to have ruled the town of Kangra and its vicinity since time immemorial.
January 1051: Kirat Singh, also known as Kirti Singh (later Rana Kirat Chand), who was an office holder and Jagirdar at the court of Raja Narayan Pal of Gaya in Bihar, founded Kumharsain State in the 11th century AD.
January 1051: Jasrota was one of ten states founded by members of the Jammu ruling family. They were all tributaries to the Raja of Jammu. It was probably the first of those to be established, although its origin is disputed. Some sources say that it was founded by Raja Jas Dev of Jammu (c. 1020-1053) .
January 1052: In 1051, a man named Sumra revolted against the Ghaznavids and made himself independent.
January 1069: The Nasrid Dynasty, an Iranian Sunni dynasty, took control of Sistan in 1068 after the collapse of the Ghaznavid Empire.
January 1073: The Karakhanids, after the death of Alp-Arslan, invaded Tukharistan.
January 1091: Chandradeva, the first monarch of the Gahadavala Dynasty, established a sovereign kingdom sometime before 1090 CE, after the decline of the Kalachuri power. The 1090 CE Chandrawati inscription of Chandradeva states that he protected the sacred places of Kashi, Kushika, Uttara Koshala and Indrasthaniyaka.
January 1094: The kingdom of Dhundhar or Dausa, was founded in 1093 by Dullah Rai, also known as Dulha Rao.
January 1096: Nahan, the predecessor state of Sirmur, was founded by Soba Rawal in 1095 AD who assumed the name Raja Subans Prakash. The new capital was founded in 1621 by Raja Karam Prakash, and the state was renamed to Sirmur.
January 1098: The Karnatas of Mithila controlled the areas we today know as Tirhut or Mithila in Bihar state of India and Nepal.
January 1098: The Simroun, Karnat or Dev dynasty originated with an establishment of a kingdom in 1097 CE headquartered at present day Simroungarh in Bara district. The kingdom controlled the areas today known as Tirhoot or Mithila in Nepal and Bihar of India.
January 1118: In 1117, the Seljuks marched against the Ghaznavid Sultan Arslan-Shah of Ghazna defeating him at Battle of Ghazni and installing Arslan's brother Bahram-Shah in the throne as a Seljuk vassal.
January 1158: With the collapse of the Seljuk Empire, the vassalage of the Ghaznavids ended.
January 1176: In 1175, Muhammad Ghori conquered Ismaili-ruled Multan.
January 1181: Muhammad Ghori captured Peshawar.
Disestablishment
January 1187: The Ghurid dynasty overthrew the Ghaznavid Empire in 1186 when Sultan Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad of Ghor conquered the last Ghaznavid capital of Lahore.
January 1187: The Ghurid Dynasty overthrew the Ghaznavid Empire in 1186 when Sultan Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad of Ghor conquered the last Ghaznavid capital of Lahore.
