Mapuche Chiefdoms
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
Were the loosely connected chiefdoms of the Mapuche people in Araucanía (Chile). Their territory was slowly incorporated into the Spanish Empire and Chile.
Establishment
January 1601: In 1600, the Spanish city of La Imperial was destroyed by the Mapuche Chiefdoms during the Arauco War in Chile.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of independence wars by the Spanish colonies in America that started after the French occupation of mainland Spain during the Napoleonic Wars.
1.1.Chilean War of Independence
Was the independence war of the Captaincy General of Chile against Spanish rule.
February 1820: The Republic of Chile captured Valdivia.
March 1820: In 1820, Georges Beauchef, a French officer in the Chilean Army, led an expedition from Valdivia to secure Osorno from Spanish forces. He successfully defeated the royalists at the Battle of El Toro, ensuring that the territory remained under the control of the Republic of Chile.
February 1603: In 1603, the Spanish city of Villarrica was captured by the Mapuche Chiefdoms. The last remaining inhabitants of Villarrica surrendered and were taken captive by the Mapuches.
January 1604: In 1603, the Spanish forces under the command of Governor Alonso de Ribera destroyed the territories of Arauco and Osorno, which were inhabited by the Mapuche Chiefdoms.
February 1604: The fort at Valdivia is abandoned.
December 1774: The Treaty of Tapihue was signed between the Spanish Crown and the Mapuche people of Araucanía. It recognized the autonomy of the Araucanía region and its people, led by Chief Curipan and Governor Francisco Marín Vicuña. This marked a significant moment in the history of indigenous resistance against Spanish colonization in Chile.
November 1860: The Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia was an unrecognized state proclaimed on November 17, 1860 by a decree of Orélie-Antoine de Tounens, a French lawyer and adventurer who claimed that the regions of Araucanía and eastern Patagonia did not need to depend on any other states.
January 1862: On January 5, 1862 the Chilean authorities arrested the self-declared king of Araucanía and Patagonia Antoine de Tounens, who was imprisoned and declared insane on September 2, 1862 by the court of Santiago. He was expelled to France on October 28, 1862. He later tried to return to Araucania to reclaim his "kingdom" without success.
Disestablishment
January 1900: On November 2, 1898, Argentina and Chile signed two documents where they decided to convene a conference to define the border in Buenos Aires with delegates of both countries. If there was no accord, a Chilean and Argentine delegate and the United States minister to Argentina, William Buchanan, would decide. As foreseen, there was no accord at the conference and Buchanan proceeded with Chilean delegate Enrique Mac Iver and Argentine José Evaristo Uriburu to define the border. Of the 75,000 km2 high plateau of Puna de Atacama in dispute, 64,000 (85%) were awarded to Argentina and 11,000 (15%) to Chile.
