Kingdom of Castile and Leon
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The polity that resulted from the union of Castile and Leon after a war in 1072 AD.
Establishment
January 1072: Sancho of Castile's attack on León resulted in Alfonso's defeat and exile in 1072. Sancho reunited Castile and Leon.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series military campaigns from the 8th century until 1492 by the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula to reconquer the region from the Islamic rulers that had conquered it during the Umayyad conquest of Hispania.
January 1077: In 1076, King Ferdinand I of Castile and Leon conquered the city of Coria, which was under the control of the Emirate of Badajoz.
May 1085: Toledo officially and peacefully fell into Christian hands.
January 1088: Alfonso VI of Castile and León conquers the fortress of Aledo in Murcia.
January 1091: Molina becomes an independent Taifa (Islamic petty kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula).
January 1091: Alfonso VI obtained Lisbon, Sintra and Santarém.
January 1095: El Cid, a Spanish knight and military leader, conquered Valencia from the Moors in 1094.
January 1100: The Taifa of Valencia fell to Castile.
January 1105: Conquests of Pedro I of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1104.
January 1110: The Almoravids seized several important southern plazas: Talavera de la Reina, Madrid and Guadalajara.
January 1112: The Almoravids under Sir ibn Abi Bakr occupy Lisbon and Santarém and also take Zaragoza.
January 1112: Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal, recaptures Santarém.
January 1132: Almoravid Emir Ali ibn Yusuf ibn Tashfin captures the castle of Aceca south of Toledo.
January 1136: The Moors occupied the area of Leiria until it was re-captured by the first King of Portugal, Afonso Henriques in 1135.
March 1147: Territorial change based on available maps.
October 1147: A Christian alliance attacks Almería by land and sea.
January 1148: Alfonso VII of Castile and Sancho Ramirez IV of Navarre conquer Andújar and Baeza.
January 1148: In 1147, the Taifa of Almería was conquered by the Kingdom of Castile and Leon, led by King Alfonso VII.
February 1148: The Taifa of Almería fell under the control of the Almohads.
January 1152: Expansion of the Almohad Caliphate before 1152.
1.1.Conquests of Yusuf ibn Tashfin
Expansion during the rule of Yusuf ibn Tashfin in the Almoravid Caliphate.
December 1094: The Christians lost Lisbon, Sintra and Santarém when Raymond of Burgundy, responsible for defending these cities, was defeated by the Almoravid army that had taken Badajoz shortly before.
June 1102: In 1102, Alfonso VI of León and Castile sent troops to help Valencia against the Almoravid threat. The battle took place in Cullera and ended without a clear winner, although Valencia fell in Almoravid hands because for Alfonso, it was too expensive to defend this city.
January 1103: Valencia was taken over by the Almoravid Caliphate.
1.2.Battle of Uclés
The Battle of Uclés was fought on 29 May 1108 during the Reconquista period near Uclés just south of the river Tagus between the Christian forces of Castile and León under Alfonso VI and the forces of the Muslim Almoravids under Tamim ibn-Yusuf. The battle was a disaster for the Christians and many of the high nobility of León, including seven counts, died in the fray or were beheaded afterwards, while the heir-apparent, Sancho Alfónsez, was murdered by villagers while trying to flee.
May 1108: Battle of Uclés.
1.3.Establishment of Portugal
After the Battle of Ourique against the Almoravids, Afonso Henriques was declared King of Portugal.
July 1139: After triumphing in the Battle of Ourique in 1139, Portuguese count Afonso Henriques was proclaimed King of Portugal by his troops.
July 1139: After this battle, he began to exhibit a seal with a cross and the word "Portugal". He continued to win battles, supported by the nobles of Entre-Douro-e-Minho, eventually triumphing in the Battle of Ourique in 1139, which led to his proclamation as King of Portugal by his troops.
Was the revolt of Galicia led by Theresa, countess of Portugal, against her sister, Queen Urraca of León and Castile.
January 1110: Theresa, Countess of Portugal, and her husband Henry of Burgundy, rebelled against her half-sister Queen Urraca of León.
January 1122: Attacked by the forces of her half-sister, Queen Urraca I of León, Teresa's forces fell back from the left bank of the Miño River, defeated and scattered, until Teresa herself took refuge in the castle of Lanhoso, where she suffered the siege by Urraca (1121). Although in a position of inferiority, Teresa managed to negotiate the Lanhoso treaty, by which she managed to remain countess but had to submit to Leon.
The 1127 Peace of Támara delimited the territorial domains of the Castilian and Aragonese realms.
July 1127: The 1127 Peace of Támara delimited the territorial domains of the Castilian and Aragonese realms, the latter including Pamplona. The lands of Biscay, Álava, Gipuzkoa, Belorado, Soria and San Esteban de Gormaz went back to the Pamplonese kingdom.
January 1073: Sancho of Castile and Leon turned his attention to García in central Portugal, defeating him near Santarém and briefly imprisoning him in Castile (one chronicle specifying at Burgos) before he was then allowed to flee to Seville.
June 1076: A conspiracy involving Navarrese king Sancho IV's brother Ramón and sister Ermesinda ended with the murder of the king. The dynastic crisis resulting from Sancho's assassination worked to the benefit of the Castilian and Aragonese monarchs. Alfonso VI of León and Castile took control of La Rioja, the Lordship of Biscay, the County of Álava, the County of Durango and part of Gipuzkoa. The remainder of Navarre became a vassal of Aragon.
January 1085: Sancho Ramírez began in 1084 a renewed military expansion of the southern lands controlled by Muslim forces. That year, the city of Arguedas, from which the Bardenas region could be controlled, was taken.
January 1095: Conquests of Sancho Ramirez of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1094.
January 1097: Navrrese forces took the city of Sádaba in 1096.
January 1099: Milagro conquered by aragon.
January 1101: In 1100, Peter, the king of Aragon, captured Barbastro, the second city of the Taifa of Zaragoza, and Sariñena.
January 1106: Conquest of Tauste.
November 1110: Queen Urraca of León married the king of Aragon, but the marriage ended and he occupied a part of Castile.
January 1120: Conquest of Fuentes.
July 1120: Conquest of Cutanda.
January 1121: Conquest of Torrelacarcel.
January 1121: Conquest of Daroca.
January 1122: Conquest of Monreal del Campo.
January 1123: Conquests of Alfonso I of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1122.
January 1135: Aragonese forces moved the Islamic border to the Ebro river, with Rioja, Nájera, Logroño, Calahorra, and Alfaro added to his domain.
October 1147: In 1147 the Portuguese conquered Lisbon.
Disestablishment
January 1158: Division of the Kingdom of Castile and Leon after the death of Alfonso VII.
Selected Sources
Duby, G. (1991): L'Atlas Historique Mondial, Larousse, p. 259
Expansión peninsular de la Corona de Aragón. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 21 September 2021. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Expansi%C3%B3n_peninsular_de_la_Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n.png
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