Northern Liao

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In 1122, Emperor Tianzuo of the Liao dynasty fled to Jiashan (north of modern-day Tumed Left Banner, Inner Mongolia) under the military pressure from the Jin dynasty. As the Liao dynasty ruled by Emperor Tianzuo continued to exist in the north, the regime headed by Emperor Tianxi is known in retrospect as "Northern Liao".

Establishment

January 1123: In 1122, Emperor Tianzuo fled to Jiashan (north of modern-day Tumed Left Banner, Inner Mongolia) under the military pressure from the Jin dynasty. Subsequently, Yelü Chun was enthroned as "Emperor Tianxi". As the Liao dynasty ruled by Emperor Tianzuo still existed, the regime headed by Emperor Tianxi is known in retrospect as "Northern Liao".

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Jurchen campaigns against the Song Dynasty

Were a series of conflicts between the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (1115-1234) and the Han-led Song dynasty (960-1279).

September 1123: One month after the Song had recovered Yanjing, Zhang Jue, who had served as military governor of the Liao prefecture of Pingzhou about 200 kilometres east of Yanjing, killed the main Jin official in that city and turned it over to the Song.

December 1123: The Jurchens defeated the armies of Zhang Jue and took Pingzhou.

1.1.Jin-Song Alliance against Liao

In 1114 the chieftain Wanyan Aguda (1068-1123) united the Jurchen tribes and led a revolt against the Liao. .

June 1123: The Song tried to help the Jin but had several military failures. They wanted the sixteen prefectures that they had ceded to the Liao in the past but the Jin due to the "poor support" gave them only a part of it. In the spring of 1123 the two sides finally set the terms of the first Song-Jin treaty. Only seven prefectures (including Yanjing) would be returned to the Song.