Second Turkic Khaganate
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Was a khaganate in Central and Eastern Asia founded by Ashina clan of the Göktürks. It emerged in the territories once controlled by the Eastern Turkic Khaganate in Mongolia.
Establishment
January 683: After the annihilation of the First Turk Kaganate by Tang China, the Kaganate arose again in 682, essentially encompassing the areas of the eastern part of the First Turk Kaganate.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were the military campaigns by the first three Islamic Caliphates (the Caliphate of Muhammad, the Rashidun Caliphate and the Umayyad Caliphate) that led to the Islamic conquest of most of the Middle East as well as the Iberian Peninsula.
1.1.Muslim conquest of Transoxiana, Ferghana and Khorasan
Were the 7th and 8th century conquests, by Umayyad and Abbasid Arabs, of Transoxiana, the land between the Oxus (Amu Darya) and Jaxartes (Syr Darya) rivers, a part of Central Asia that today includes all or parts of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.
January 716: The larger part of Transoxiana was conquered by the Umayyad leader Qutayba ibn Muslim in the reign of al-Walid I (r. 705-715).
January 716: Umayyad commander Qutayba ibn Muslim conquered the strategic Central Asian cities of Bukhara, Samarkand, Khwarezem and Farghana between 705 and 715 CE, annexing nearly the whole of Transoxiana north of the Iranian plateau and bordering the contemporary Tang dynasty of China.
January 692: Between 687 and 691 Toquz Oghuz and the Uyghurs, who had occupied these territories, were routed and subjugated.
January 698: In 696-697, Qapaghan, the ruler of the Second Turkic Khaganate, successfully conquered the Khitans in the region between eastern Mongolia and Manchuria.
January 699: Balhae was established by refugees from Goguryeo and Tungusic Mohe tribes in 698, when the first king, Dae Joyeong, defeated the Wu Zhou dynasty at Tianmenling.
January 708: After defeating the Bayirku tribe in 706-707, the Türks occupied lands extending from the upper reaches of the Kerulen to Lake Baikal.
January 711: They inflicted a crushing defeat on the Yenisei Kyrgyz. The Kyrgyz ruler, Bars beg, fell in battle.
January 711: In 709-710 the Türk forces subjugated the Az and the Chik, crossed the Sayan mountains.
January 712: In 711 the Türk forces, led by Tonyukuk, crossed the Mongolian Altai, clashed with the Türgesh army in Dzungaria, on the River Boluchu, and won an outright victory. Tonyukuk forced a crossing over the Syr Darya in pursuit of the retreating Türgesh, leading his troops to the border of Tokharistan.
January 742: Expansion of the Tang Dynasty by 741 AD.
January 744: The Kimek-Kipchak khanate was a Turkish khaganate (empire) from 743.
Disestablishment
January 745: Kutlug I Bilge Kagan of Uyghurs allied himself with the Karluks and Basmyls, and defeated the Göktürks. In 744 Kutlug seized Ötüken and beheaded the last Göktürk qaghan, Ozmish Qaghan. He then established the Uyghur Khaganate.
Selected Sources
唐疆变迁 (Expansion of the Tang Dynasty over time). Wikipedia. Retrieved on 7 April 2024 on https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%94%90%E7%96%86%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81.gif
