Saffarid dynasty
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Was a indigenous Persian dynasty that succeeded the Abbasid Caliphate in eastern Iran and, Pakistan and Central Asia.
Establishment
January 862: The Saffirid Dynasty began with Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar, a coppersmith who moved to the city of Zaranj. He left work to become an Ayyar and eventually got the power to act as an independent ruler.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Expansion during the rule of Abu Ibrahim Isma'il ibn Ahmad in the Samanid Empire.
January 901: Four brothers Nuh, Ahmad, Yahya, and Ilyas founded the Samanid state. Each of them ruled territory under Abbasid suzerainty. In 892, Ismail Samani united the Samanid state under one ruler, thus effectively putting an end to the feudal system used by the Samanids. It was also under him that the Samanids became independent of Abbasid authority. Ismail was thereafter recognized as the ruler of all of Khorasan and Transoxiana by the caliph.Furthermore, he also received the investiture over Tabaristan, Ray and Isfahan.
January 901: Chaghaniyan, a region in Central Asia, became a vassal state of the powerful Samanid Empire based in Bukhara by the early 10th century. The Samanids were a Persian dynasty that ruled over a vast territory in the region during this time.
January 902: In 901, Amr Saffari was defeated at the battle of Balkh by the Samanids, which reduced the Saffarid dynasty to a minor tributary in Sistan.
Expansion during the rule of Mahmud of the Ghaznavids.
January 998: In 997, Mahmud of Ghazni completed the conquest of the Samanid and Shahi territories, including the Ismaili Kingdom of Multan, Sindh, as well as some Buwayhid territory.
January 1004: In 1002, Mahmud of Ghazni invaded Sistan, dethroned Khalaf I and finally ended the Saffarid dynasty.
January 863: From his capital Zaranj he moved east into al-Rukhkhadj and Zamindawar.
January 866: In 865, the Saffarid dynasty leader invaded Bamyan, Balkh, Badghis, and Ghor. These territories were predominantly ruled by Buddhist tribal chiefs before being conquered in the name of Islam.
January 866: Zunbil and Kabul conquered by Saffarid dynasty.
January 871: The Tahirid city of Herat was captured in 870 by the Saffarid dynasty.
January 871: Saffarid conquest of Zunbils in 870 AD.
January 874: In Khorasan itself, Muhammad's rule continued to grow increasingly weak, and in 873 he was finally overthrown by the Saffarid dynasty, who annexed Khorasan to their own empire in eastern Persia.
January 874: Ya'qub turned his focus to the west and began attacks on Khorasan, Khuzestan, Kerman and Fars.
January 877: In 876, the Saffarid dynasty, led by Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar, captured Khuzestan in southwestern Iran and southern parts of Iraq. The Saffarids were a Persian dynasty that ruled from 861 to 1003, known for their military conquests and patronage of Persian culture.
January 880: The Hindu Shahi dynasty, ruled by King Jayapala, recaptured Kabul in 879 CE after it had briefly fallen to the Abbasid Caliphate. This marked a significant victory for the Hindu Shahi over the Muslim rulers in the region.
January 924: Sistan passed briefly to Abbasid control, but become independent again under the Saffarid Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad, but the dynasty was now a minor power isolated in Sistan.
Disestablishment
January 1004: In 1002, Mahmud of Ghazni invaded Sistan, dethroned Khalaf I and finally ended the Saffarid dynasty.
