Saxony

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Was one of the states that emerged from the partition of East Francia among the three sons of Louis the German in 876.

Establishment

August 876: Louis of Germany was preparing for a new war when he died on August 28, 876 in Frankfurt. He was buried at the abbey of Lorsch, leaving three sons and three daughters. His sons, unusual for their earlier behaviour, respected the divisions made a decade earlier and each contented himself with his own kingdom.

Chronology

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1. Frankish Partitions

The Frankish Kingdom was partitioned and reuinited several times as the Frankish rulers used to divide their territories equally among their heirs. This lead also to a number of wars and revolts.

1.1.Partition of East Francia (864)

In 864 Louis of East Francia was forced to grant his son Carloman the Kingdom of Bavaria. In 865 he divided the remainder of his lands between his other two sons - Saxony with Franconia and Thuringia went to Louis the Younger and Swabia with Raetia to Charles the Fat.

1.2.Partition of Bavaria

During the sickness of Frankish subking Carloman, who controlled Italy and Bavaria, his brother Louis the younger took over Bavaria preventing Carloman's illegitimate son Arnulph to take over his inheritance.

May 880: During his illness, in 879, when he no longer seemed able to follow state affairs, Carloman assigned Italy to his brother Charles the Fat while the other brother, Ludovico, had the kingdom of Bavaria handed over, which he occupied , taking it away from Carloman's illegitimate son, Arnulf of Carinthia.

1.3.Cession of Lotharingia (Treaty of Ribemont)

Louis the Younger invaded West Francia. He reached as far as Verdun, but he retreated after his nephews, the Kings Louis III of France and Carloman of France, gave up their share of Lotharingia to him. .

January 881: Louis the Younger invaded West Francia. He reached as far as Verdun, but he retreated after his nephews, the kings Louis III of France and Carloman of France, gave up their share of Lotharingia to him. Meanwhile, Boso of Provence, a noble of Carolingian descent, proclaimed himself king of Provence. Moreover, the Vikings resumed their attacks. To deal with these threats, the Carolingian kings decided to put aside their differences so as to deal with the threats together. They met at Ribemont. In return for Louis the Younger's neutrality, the kings of France confirmed Louis' possession of the parts of Lotharingia that had been given to him since the Treaty of Meerssen.

1.4.East Francia reunited

After the death of Louis the younger, his surviving brother Charles the Fat reunited East Francia.

January 882: Ludovico died in 882, according to the Annales Fuldenses, following an illness, while the chronicler Reginone, recalling the death of the king of Germany, recalls that during the occupation of the kingdom of Bavaria in 879, his heir of about two years old, also named Ludovico, fell from a window of Reganesbourgh Castle. Ludwig died without legitimate male heirs, so his territories and the royal title of the East Franks passed into the hands of his brother Charles the Fat.