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Polity that includes all territories militarly occupied by Syria that are not part of a specific military territory.
Establishment
June 1948: Advances of the Syrian forces in Palestine by the end of June 1948.
June 1948: On June 10, 1948 Syrian forces attacked the kibbutz Mishmar Hayarden.
June 1948: By the end of the 1947-1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine, Zionist paramilitary organization Haganah conquered the Galilee panhandle from Tiberias to Metula.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
is an ongoing conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbours, as well as with Palestine, an area factually controlled by Israel itself. The conflict begun when the British Mandate in Palestine (a former Ottoman territory) was partitioned into an Arab and a Jewish state.
1.1.Palestine War
Was a war that took place in Palestine, initially a British Mandate, between the Jewish population and the the Arab population (later with the support of the Arab league) of the region. It is traditionally divided in two phases: a civil war in the final phase of the British Mandate, and a full-scale invasion by a coalition of Arab countries after the British left Palestine. During the war the State of Israel was established.
1.1.1.1947-1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
Was a civil war between the Jewish and Arab populations of the British Mandate for Palestine, and the first phase of the 1948 Palestine War. The goal of the Jewish population was the creation of their own nation, whereas the Arab community, which represented the majority of the country, opposed this plan.
1.1.1.1.Operation Yiftach
Was a military operation carried out by Jewish paramilitary brigades during the 1947-1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine.
1.1.2.1948 Arab-Israeli War
Was a war between the newly established State of Israel and a coalition of Arab states. It was the second phase of the Palestine War of 1948. After the evacuation of the British forces from the Mandate for Palestine, Israel declared its independence, and Palestine was invaded by a coalition of Arab states.
1.1.2.1.Northern Front (1948 Arab-Israeli War)
Were a series of battles on the northern front of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War at the beginning of the war.
1.1.3.1949 Armistice Agreements
Were a series of agreements between Israel, Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria that formally ended the 1948 Arab-Israel War.
July 1949: By 20 July Israel made Armistice Agreements with Egypt, Lebanon, Transjordan, and Syria, ending the 1947-1949 Palestine war. Israel was left with the part of Mandatory Palestine it had conquered during the war.
July 1949: By 20 July Israel made Armistice Agreements with Egypt, Lebanon, Transjordan, and Syria, ending the 1947-1949 Palestine war. Israel left the territories that it had occupied outside Mandatory Palestine.
1.2.Black September
Was a war between the Jordanian Armed Forces and the Palestine Liberation Organization, formed by the Palestinian refugees that acted as a state in a state in Jordan. .
1.2.1.Syrian invasion of Jordan during Black September
Jordan forces surrounded cities with significant PLO presence including Amman and Irbid, and began shelling Palestinian refugee camps where the fedayeen were established. Forces from the Syrian Army invaded Jordan in support of the fedayeen.
September 1970: Jordan feared foreign intervention in the events in support of the fedayeen; this soon materialized on 18 September after a force from Syria with Palestine Liberation Army (PLA) markings marched towards Irbid, which the fedayeen had declared a "liberated" city.
September 1970: Airstrikes inflicted heavy losses on the Syrians, and on the late afternoon of 22 September, the Syrian 5th Division began to retreat from Jordan.
1.3.Yom Kippur War
Was a war between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria. The war began on October 6, 1973, when the Arab coalition jointly launched a surprise attack against Israel on the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur. .
1.3.1.Golan Heights Front
Was the theatre of war in the Golan Heights that saw fights between Syria and Israel during the Yom Kippur War.
October 1973: In the Golan Heights the Syrians attacked the Israeli defenses.
October 1973: The last Syrian unit in the central sector had been pushed back beyond the purple line (the pre-war border).
Was a series of related conflicts that took place in Lebanon from 1975 to 1990. The first phase was the Syrian invasion of Lebanon, which Syria wanted to reduce to a client state. Because the Palestinian Liberation organization operated from south Lebanon, Israel later invaded the country twice. .
2.1.Syrian occupation of Lebanon
Was a Syrian military invasion of Lebanon that took place in 1976 and led to the occupation of the eastern part of the country. Syria wanted to reduce Lebanon to a client state.
June 1976: On 31 May 1976, The Syrian army began an invasion of Lebanon. 2000 troops and 60 tanks marched in 3 columns during a 3-pronged offensive. The first column marched south across Shuf towards Sidon, where it was halted by PLO forces.
June 1976: A Syrian column under the command of Hafez al-Assad, advanced towards Beirut.
June 1976: Another Syrian column moved north through the Bekaa valley, before then going west towards Tripoli, where it was stopped by Christian forces.
October 1976: A second Syrian offensive in mid-October 1976 succeeded at capturing all of central Lebanon as well as some of the country's most important urban centres.
2.2.Hundred Days War
Was a conflict where the Christian Lebanese Front expelled the Syrian Army from East Beirut.
May 1978: The conflict resulted in Syrian Army's expulsion from East Beirut.
2.3.1982 Lebanon War
Was an Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Israel wanted to end the attacks by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) operating in southern Lebanon. .
June 1982: Battle of Jezzine.
June 1982: As the Israeli advance on Beirut pressed forward in the west, reaching Khalde on 11 June.
June 1982: Israeli forces, led by Defense Minister Ariel Sharon and Chief of Staff Rafael Eitan, completed the capture of Sidon in 1982 during the Lebanon War. The city was a strategic target for Israel in their military occupation of Lebanon.
June 1982: In 1982, during the Lebanon War, Israeli forces captured Rachaiya, Kfar Quoq, Yanta, and Joub Jannine.
June 1982: Ain Zhalta, a village in Lebanon, fell under Israeli military occupation.
June 1982: On 11 June 1982, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Syrian President Hafez al-Assad agreed to a cease-fire at noon, excluding the PLO.
June 1982: The Siege of Beirut in 1982 was part of the Lebanon War, with Israeli forces led by Defense Minister Ariel Sharon encircling the city to root out PLO fighters. The siege lasted for months and resulted in heavy civilian casualties.
June 1982: By 25 June, with the remaining Syrian positions on and north of the highway no longer tenable, the Syrians withdrew. The Israelis allowed the withdrawal to occur but conducted artillery harassment and continued to shell the outskirts of Chtaura.
Was a chain of demonstrations in Lebanon. The primary goal of the activists was the withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon.
April 2005: Following demonstrations in Lebanon triggered by the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister, Rafik Hariri, the Syrian troops completely withdrew from Lebanon on 27 April 2005.
Disestablishment
April 2005: Following demonstrations in Lebanon triggered by the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister, Rafik Hariri, the Syrian troops completely withdrew from Lebanon on 27 April 2005.
Selected Sources
Gilbert, M. (2012): The Routledge Atlas of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 10th Edition, Routledge, p.50
Israel-1er-juin-1948-bis. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 6 April on https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Israel-1er-juin-1948-bis.png
Kerr, R.M. (2020): Syrian Civil War: The Essential Reference Guide, Bloomsbury Publishing USA, p. 173
Morris, B. (2003): Victimes: histoire revisitée du conflit arabo-sioniste, Editions Complexe, p.238
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Syria (Military Occupation)
