War of the Seventh Coalition (The Hundred Days)
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Napoleon escaped the exile he had been forced after the War of the Sixth Coalition and reorganized the French army. He was defeated by a coalition that included Great Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia and sent into permanent exile on the island of Saint Helena.
Chronology
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June 1815: In 1815, during the Napoleonic Wars, the advanced guards of Napoleon Bonaparte's army were stationed at Saint-Denis and Gonesse. This marked the beginning of the Battle of Waterloo, where Napoleon's forces faced the Seventh Coalition led by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.
June 1815: To secure a central position at the Battle of Waterloo Napoleon secured Charleroi.
June 1815: A French army hoccupies Genappe before the Battle of Quatre Bras.
June 1815: French retreat after being defeated in the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815).
June 1815: From Beaumont the Prussians advanced to Avesnes, which surrendered to them.
June 1815: The castle of Guise surrendered to the Prussian army.
June 1815: Aubervilliers conquered by Seventh Coalition.
July 1815: After the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo on June 18, 1815, the Seventh Coalition forces, led by Prussian Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, advanced towards Paris. By July 2, Blücher had positioned his troops with his right at Plessis-Piquet, left at Meudon, and reserves at Versailles, preparing to besiege the city.
July 1815: The two Coalition armies, with Graf von Zieten's Prussian I Corps as the vanguard, entered Paris. .
July 1815: The French King, Louis XVIII, made his public entry into Paris, amidst the acclamations of the people, and again occupied the throne.
June 1815: In 1815, during the Napoleonic Wars, the Prussians, led by Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, were stationed at Crépy, Senlis, and La Ferté-Milon. This strategic positioning played a crucial role in the Seventh Coalition's efforts to defeat Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Waterloo.
March 1815: Napoleon arrived in Paris, and re-established the Empire.
June 1815: The British took Cambrai.
Was a conflict between the Napoleonic Kingdom of Naples and the Austrian Empire during the War of the Seventh Coalition. Naples, which was still ruled by the Napoleonic general Joachim Murat, decided to side with Napoleon. The Austrian won the war and reinstated Ferdinand IV as King of Naples and Sicily.
May 1815: Murat's joint campaign was definitively wrecked on 4 May 1815, after the Austrians defeated him in the battle of Tolentino: finally, with the Treaty of Casalanza, signed at Capua on 20 May 1815 by the Austrian and Murat generals, the kingdom of Naples thus returned to the crown Bourbon, with King Ferdinand who returned to Naples on 7 June.
1.1.Neapolitan attack (Neapolitan War)
Was the invasion of central and northern Italy launched by the Neapolitan armies during the Neapolitan War.
April 1815: The Austrian advance guard under the command of General Bianchi was beaten back at an engagement near Cesena. Bianchi retreated towards Modena and took up a defensive line behind the River Panaro, allowing Murat to take Bologna on 3 April.
April 1815: The two Guard Divisions Murat had sent into the Papal States passed unmolested into Tuscany and by 8 April had occupied Florence, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
March 1815: Leaving behind a reserve Army of the Interior in case of an invasion from Sicily, Murat sent his two elite Guard Divisions through the Papal States, forcing the Pope to flee to Genoa. With the remainder of his army, Murat established his headquarters at Ancona and advanced on the road towards Bologna. On 30 March, Murat had arrived in Rimini, where he gave the famous Rimini Proclamation, inciting all Italian nationalists to war.
April 1815: Battle of the Panaro.
1.2.Austrian counterattack (Neapolitan War)
Was the Austrian invasion of Italy during the Neapolitan War.
April 1815: Neipperg's corps was still in pursuit and by 29 April, his advanced guard had arrived in Fano, just two days' march away.
April 1815: Murat hurried his retreat and by late April, his main force had arrived safely in Ancona, where he was reunited with his two Guard Divisions.
April 1815: Ferrara was attacked by Neapolitan troops.
April 1815: Carrascosa, who was in command of the Neapolitan troops around Modena, saw the Austrian trap and ordered a retreat to a defensive line behind the Panaro where he was joined by the remainder of his division, which had been evacuated from Reggio Emilia and Modena.
April 1815: In Tuscany Murat's two Guard Divisions also inexplicably retreated without being harassed in any way by Nugent. By 15 April, the Austrians had retaken Florence.
April 1815: On 14 April, Frimont attempted to force a crossing of the Panaro, but was repelled. However, only two days later, Murat and his army retreated from Bologna, which was quickly retaken by the Austrians.
April 1815: Battle of Cesenatico.
April 1815: The Austrians reached Foligno.
May 1815: A joint Anglo-Austrian fleet began a blockade of Ancona, eventually taking the entire garrison of the city as prisoners.
May 1815: By 12 May, Bianchi, who was now in command of both his and Neipperg's corps, had taken the town of L'Aquila.
May 1815: Nugent intercepted Murat at San Germano (now Cassino).
April 1815: Battle of Pesaro.
April 1815: General Nugent had continued to advance from Florence. Having arrived in Rome.
May 1815: The Austrian armies united near Calvi and began the march on Naples.
May 1815: Neapolitan Generals Pepe and Carrascosa sued for peace and concluded the Treaty of Casalanza with the Austrians, bringing the war to an end.
1.3.King Ferdinand restored
On 23 May, at the end of the Neaopolitan War, the main Austrian army entered Naples and restored King Ferdinand to the Neapolitan throne.
May 1815: The main Austrian army entered Naples and restored King Ferdinand to the Neapolitan throne.
Selected Sources
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, p.308
