If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this event you can find it here:All Statistics
Were a series of wars fought by the British East India Company in the Indian Subcontinent that resulted in the British conquest and colonial rule of the region.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a conflict between the English East India Company and the Mughal Empire. It was the first Anglo-Indian War on the Indian subcontinent.
January 1689: Emperor Aurangzeb issued orders for the occupation of the British possessions all over the subcontinent, and the confiscation of their property. As a result, possessions of East India Company were reduced to the fortified towns of Madras and Bombay.
January 1691: Set up of a new english base in Calcutta.
January 1691: In 1690 the company sent envoys to Aurangzeb's court to plea for a pardon and to renew the trade firman. The company's envoys had to prostrate themselves before the emperor, pay a large imperial fine of 1,50,000 rupees, and promise better behavior in the future. Emperor Aurangzeb then ordered Sidi Yaqub to lift the Siege of Bombay and the company subsequently re-established itself in Bombay and set up a new base in Calcutta.
The Carnatic Wars were a series of military conflicts in the middle of the 18th century in India's coastal Carnatic region. As a result of these military contests, the British East India Company established its dominance among the European trading companies within India.
2.1.First Carnatic War
Was the Indian theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession and the first of a series of Carnatic Wars. In this conflict the British and French East India Companies fought for control of their respective trading posts at Madras, Pondicherry, and Cuddalore.
2.2.Second Carnatic War
Was the continuation of the first Carnatic War in India despites the end of the War of the Austrian Succession in Europe.
January 1752: In 1751, however, Robert Clive led British troops to capture Arcot.
2.3.Third Carnatic War
The outbreak of the Seven Years' War in Europe in 1756 resulted in renewed conflict between French and British forces in India.
Were a series of four wars fought during the last three decades of the 18th century between the Sultanate of Mysore on the one hand, and the British East India Company, Maratha Empire, Kingdom of Travancore, and the Kingdom of Hyderabad on the other. The fourth war resulted in the dismantlement of Mysore to the benefit of the East India Company, which took control of much of the Indian subcontinent.
3.1.First Anglo-Mysore War
Was a conflict in India between the Sultanate of Mysore and the East India Company.
December 1767: Mysore ruler Hider Ali besieged Ambur from November 1767.
October 1767: Haider Ali moved on to capture Kaveripattinam after two days of siege.
December 1768: In November 1768 he split his army into two, and crossed the ghats into the Carnatic, regaining control of many minor posts held by the British. En route to Erode Hyder overwhelmed one contingent of British, who were sent as prisoners to Seringapatam when it was established that one of its officers was fighting in violation of a parole agreement. After rapidly establishing control over much of the southern Carnatic.
April 1767: In exchange for payments of 30 lakhs rupees the Marathas agreed to withdraw north of the Kistna River.
January 1768: In 1767, during the Siege of Ambur, the British garrison commander, Colonel Joseph Smith, refused bribes offered by Haider Ali, the ruler of Mysore. The siege was eventually lifted when a relief column arrived in early December, ending the conflict in the region.
January 1768: The British garrison commander, Captain Calvert, refused bribes from Haider Ali Khan in Ambur in 1767. The siege was lifted when a relief column arrived in early December. Haider Ali Khan was a prominent military leader in the Mughal Empire.
June 1767: In May, Smith discovered that the Haider and the nizam were negotiating an alliance, and consequently withdrew most of his troops to the Carnatic frontier. The deal struck between the two powers called for them to join against the British. Haider was to pay 18 lakhs rupees for the invasion to end, and the nizam was to recognise Haider's son Tipu Sultan as Nawab of the Carnatic once that territory was conquered.
April 1769: The Treaty of Madras was a peace agreement signed between Mysore and the British (Lord Verelst) East India Company which brought an end to the First Anglo-Mysore War. The treaty agree to revert to the status quo ante bellum.
April 1767: Mir Nizam Ali Khan, the ruler of Hyderabad State, advanced as far as Bangalore, accompanied by two battalions of company troops under Colonel Joseph Smith.
February 1767: The war began in January 1767 when the Marathas, possibly anticipating movements by the nizam, invaded northern Mysore. They reached as far south as the Tunghabadhra River, before Haider entered into negotiations.
March 1768: The British consequently occupied Mangalore against minimal opposition in February.
August 1768: They retook Mangalore and the other ports held by the over-extended British forces.
3.2.Second Anglo-Mysore War
Was a conflict between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company from 1780 to 1784.
October 1781: Hyder Ali's forces invaded Tanjore.
April 1782: Cuddalore was occupied without resistance in 1782 by the Kingdom of Mysore.
January 1780: By 1779, Mysore ruler Haider Ali had captured parts of modern Tamil Nadu and Kerala in the south, extending the Kingdom's area to about 80,000 mi2 .
December 1783: Troops from Stuart's army were joined with those of Colonel William Fullarton in the Tanjore region, where he captured the fortress at Palghautcherry in November.
March 1784: The Second Anglo-Mysore War was ended on 11 March 1784 with the signing of the Treaty of Mangalore, at which both sides agreed to restore the others' lands to the status quo ante bellum.
January 1784: Tipu brought his main army over. He recaptured Bednore.
December 1781: Coote marched into the Carnatic, and occupied Cuddalore.
January 1783: Establishment of Sangli State, which was a vassal of the Maratha Empire.
December 1783: British East India Company troops entered Coimbatore against little resistance.
December 1781: The British forces, led by Sir Eyre Coote, successfully captured Negapatam from Hyder Ali's army in 1781. This victory forced Hyder Ali to retreat from Tanjore, which ultimately led to the territory being handed over to Arcot State.
April 1783: The British captured Mangalore in March 1783.
March 1782: In February, Hyder detached Tipu with a sizeable force to recover Tanjore. Intelligence failures led the main British garrison to become surrounded by this superior force; Colonel Brathwaite and 2,000 men surrendered.
January 1780: Having been betrayed by the Marathas and some local officers, Madakari Nayaka was defeated by Hyder Ali, taken prisoner and killed.
January 1780: By 1779, Mysore ruler Haider Ali had captured parts of modern Tamil Nadu and Kerala in the south, extending the Kingdom's area to about 80,000 mi² (205,000 km²).
December 1781: The British forces, led by Sir Eyre Coote, successfully captured Negapatam after a three-week siege in October and November 1781. This defeat prompted Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore, to retreat from Tanjore, which ultimately fell under the control of the British East India Company.
January 1783: The British had captured Bednore (modern day Nagara) and other strongholds in the Malabar coast from Mysore in early 1783.
January 1784: Mangalore was besieged and captured by Mysore forces.
December 1781: The British forces, led by Sir Eyre Coote, successfully captured Negapatam after a three-week siege in October and November 1781. This defeat prompted Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore, to retreat from Tanjore, which ultimately led to the territory being transferred to the Pudukkottai State.
January 1784: Chandrasekhara Chikkaraya Chowta V was the last Chowta king who had some authority. He reigned from 1783 to 1822. Following the conquest of South Canara by the British the Chowtas lost all their power except that they received a small pension from the then government.
January 1784: Husain Ali Khan died in 1783, and his young son, Ghulam Muhammad Ali, succeeded him, with his paternal uncle as regent. Within the space of a year, Hyder's successor Tipu Sultan had driven them from Banganapalle; they took refuge in Hyderabad, returning to reclaim Banganapalle in 1789.
3.2.1.Capture of Arcot
Was the siege and capture of Arcot by the Kingdom of Mysore during the Second Anglo-Mysore War.
November 1781: Arcot conquered by kingdom of mysore.
3.3.Third Anglo-Mysore War
Was a conflict in South India between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company, the Kingdom of Travancore, the Maratha Empire, and the Nizam of Hyderabad. It was the third of four Anglo-Mysore Wars.
3.3.1.Mysore retreat from Travancore
Was the retreat of the Kingdom of Mysore from Travancore, caused by the monsoon rains, during the Third Anglo-Mysore War.
January 1789: The Rajah of Coorg was restored by the British.
January 1790: Husain Ali Khan died in 1783, and his young son, Ghulam Muhammad Ali, succeeded him, with his paternal uncle as regent. Within the space of a year, Hyder's successor Tipu Sultan had driven them from Banganapalle; they took refuge in Hyderabad, returning to reclaim Banganapalle in 1789.
3.3.2.British attack to Mysore
Was a British military campaign of 1790 in the Kingdom of Mysore during the Third Anglo-Mysore War.
September 1790: Further strong points in the district fell to the British East India Company, with Palghat and Dindigul requiring significant action to capture.
July 1790: On 21 July British forces led by Medows entered Coimbatore unopposed.
3.3.3.Mysore Counterattack
Was a Mysore counterattack of 1790-1791 against British invasion.
November 1791: Siege of Coimbatore.
September 1790: British Captain John Floyd withdraw from Sathyamangalam.
July 1791: Cornwallis' retreat to Bangalore exposed the Coimbatore district to Tipu's forces.
3.3.4.Allied advances
During the summer of 1790, a Maratha army of some 30,000 under the command of Purseram Bhow, accompanied by a detachment of British troops from Bombay invaded the Kingdom of Mysore.
December 1791: Siege of Savendroog.
February 1791: A second army, consisting of 25,000 cavalry and 5,000 infantry under the command of Hurry Punt assisted by a detachment of British soldiers from the Madras army, left Poona in January 1791, eventually reaching Kurnool without significant opposition.
October 1791: The siege of Nundydroog was conducted by British East India Company forces under the command of General Charles Cornwallis in October 1791.
May 1791: The Nizam of Hyderabad's army, led by Mahabat Jung, advanced to Koppal, which they besieged in October 1790. Poor-quality cannons impeded the conduct of the siege, which was not successfully concluded until April 1791.
March 1791: Lord Cornwallis led the British East India Company forces in the capture of Bangalore in 1791 during the Third Anglo-Mysore War.
December 1790: Battle of Calicut.
October 1790: During the summer of 1790, a Maratha army of some 30,000 under the command of Purseram Bhow, accompanied by a detachment of British troops from Bombay, began marching toward Mysore. The first several Mysorean outposts surrendered in the face of the large army, and it made steady if slow progress until it reached Darwar in September.
May 1791: In 1791, during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, British General Cornwallis defeated Tipu Sultan at Seringapatam. The battle on 15 May forced Tipu to retreat behind the city's walls, leading to the territory falling under the control of the British East India Company.
December 1790: The British East India Company captured Cannanore.
March 1791: Siege of Bangalore.
May 1791: The Maratha army then continued to advance, reaching the Tungabhadra River in early May.
November 1791: In 1791, Purseram Bhow, a commander in the Maratha Empire, captured Hooly Honore and Shimoga in an attempt to recapture the Bednore district taken by Tipu Sultan's father, Hyder Ali, in a previous war.
June 1791: The British troops of Hurry Punt moved out from Kurnoo.
3.3.5.Treaty of Seringapatam
Was the treaty that ended the Third Anglo-Mysore War. Mysore lost about one-half of its territories.
March 1792: Treaty of Seringapatam: Under its terms Mysore ceded about one-half of its territories to the other signatories. The Peshwa acquired territory up to the Tungabhadra River, the Nizam was awarded land from the Krishna to the Penner River, and the forts of Cuddapah and Gandikota on the south bank of the Penner. The East India Company received a large portion of Mysore's Malabar Coast territories between the Kingdom of Travancore and the Kali River, and the Baramahal and Dindigul districts. Mysore granted the rajah of Coorg his independence, although Coorg effectively became a company dependency.
3.4.Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
Was the fourth and final Anglo-Mysore war. After the war, the Kingdom of Mysore became a princely state in a subsidiary alliance with British India.
3.4.1.British Invasion (Fourth Anglo-Mysore War)
Was a British military operation in the Kingdom of Mysore during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.
November 1798: Three armies of the British East India Company marched into Mysore in 1799 and besieged the capital, Srirangapatnam, after some engagements with Tipu.
May 1799: In the Battle of Seringapatam, the British broke through the defending walls. Mysore ruler Tipu Sultan, rushing to the breach, was shot and killed.
3.4.2.Partition of Mysore
After the loss of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Mysore was occupied and partitioned. The remnant territories became a princely state of British India.
June 1799: Britain took indirect control of Mysore, restoring the Wodeyar Dynasty to the Mysore throne.
June 1799: After the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, several Mysore territories were ceded to neighbour states.
Was a series of wars fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire in India.
4.1.First Anglo-Maratha War
Was the first of three Anglo-Maratha Wars fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire in India. .
November 1778: Following a treaty between France and the Poona Government in 1776, the Bombay Government decided to invade and reinstate Raghoba, a claimant to the Maratha throne. They sent a force under Col. Egerton, which reached Khopoli in 1778 during the First Anglo-Maratha War.
February 1779: In 1779, British General Goddard led 6,000 troops to capture Ahmedabad's Bhadra Fort from the Marathas, marking a significant victory for the British East India Company in their expansion across India.
December 1780: Goddard also captured Bassein.
May 1782: The Treaty of Salbai was signed on 17 May 1782, by representatives of the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company after long negotiations to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War. The borders were reverted to the status quo ante bellum and British forces left the occupied regions.
March 1775: The Treaty of Surat on 6 March 1775. According to the treaty, Raghunathrao ceded the territories of Salsette and Bassein (Vasai) to the British, along with part of the revenues from Surat and Bharuch districts.
January 1779: Finally the British were forced to retreat back to Wadgaon, but were soon surrounded. The British surrendered and were forced to sign the Treaty of Wadgaon on 16 Jan. 1779, a victory for the Marathas.
March 1775: The British occupied Salsette Island in 1774.
January 1779: The British East India Company made its way through the Western Ghats at Bhor Ghat and onwards toward Karla.
August 1780: Bengal detachment led by Captain Popham captured Gwalior.
March 1776: The Treaty of Purandhar (1 March 1776) annulled that of Surat, Raghunathrao was pensioned and his cause abandoned, but the revenues of Salsette and Broach districts were retained by the British.
4.2.Second Anglo-Maratha War
Was the second conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India. .
December 1803: Raghoji II Bhonsale of Nagpur signed the Treaty of Deogaon in Odisha with the British after the Battle of Argaon and gave up the province of Cuttack (which included Mughal and the coastal part of Odisha, Garjat/the princely states of Odisha, Balasore Port, parts of Midnapore district of West Bengal).
December 1802: Baji Rao, the last Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy, fled the Maratha invasion to British protection, and in December the same year concluded the Treaty of Bassein with the British East India Company, ceding territory for the maintenance of a subsidiary force.
October 1803: British forces took the pettah of Asirgarh Fort.
December 1803: On 30 December 1803, the Daulat Scindia signed the Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon with the British after the Battle of Assaye and Battle of Laswari and ceded to the British Rohtak, Gurgaon, Ganges-Jumna Doab, the Delhi-Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach, some districts of Gujarat and the fort of Ahmmadnagar.
January 1804: The British strategy included Wellesley securing the Deccan Plateau.
4.3.Third Anglo-Maratha War
Was the final and decisive conflict between the English East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India. The war left the Company in control of most of India.
February 1818: Mountstuart Elphinstone mentions the capture of Sinhagadh in his diary entry.
January 1818: British commanders began arriving with reinforcements: Lieutenant Colonel Rahan on 29 November, Major Pittman on 5 December, and Colonel Doveton on 12 December. The British counterattack was severe and Appa Saheb was forced to surrender. The British lost 300 men, of which 24 were Europeans. The Marathas lost an equal number. A treaty was signed on 9 January 1818. Appa Saheb was allowed to rule over nominal territories with several restrictions. Most of his territory, including the forts, was now controlled by the British.
April 1818: General Smith's forces had taken the forts of Sinhagad and Purandar.
February 1818: British General Smith entered Satara and captured the royal palace of the Marathas.
January 1818: Battle of Koregaon.
November 1817: In 1817, General Sir Thomas Hislop led the British East India Company troops, including Colonel Smith, to cross the river and establish positions at Ghorpadi during the Third Anglo-Maratha War in India.
January 1818: After the Battle of Mahidpur The ministers made overtures of peace, and on 6 January 1818 the Treaty of Mandeswar was signed. Holkar accepted the British terms in totality and came under British authority as an independent prince subject to the advice of a British Resident.
June 1818: Baji Rao surrendered to the British.
The Vellore mutiny on 10 July 1806 was the first instance of a large-scale and violent mutiny by Indian sepoys against the East India Company.
July 1806: The Vellore mutiny was the first instance of a large-scale and violent mutiny by Indian sepoys against the East India Company.
Was a war between the Kingdom of Nepal and the British East India Company. .
6.1.First Campaign (Anglo-Nepalese War)
Was a British military campaign in Nepal during the Anglo-Nepalese War.
April 1815: Nepalese provincial governor Bam Shah surrendered Almora to the British on 27 April 1815.
May 1815: The Nepalese forces under the command of Amar Singh Thapa lost control of Malaon and Jaithak to the British forces led by General David Ochterlony in 1815.
November 1814: Battle of Nalapani.
February 1814: The British advance to Jit Gadh in 1814 was led by General Amar Singh Thapa, a prominent military leader in the Gorkha Kingdom. The territory was eventually occupied by Great Britain as part of their expansion in the region.
December 1814: British Major General Martindale occupied the town of Nahan.
6.2.Second Campaign (Anglo-Nepalese War)
Was a British military campaign in Nepal during the Anglo-Nepalese War.
March 1816: During the Anglo-Nepalese War, British troops led by General Rollo Gillespie retreated from Sindhuli Gadhi and regrouped in Makawanpur in March 1816. The war ended with the signing of the Sugauli Treaty later that year.
February 1816: The Nepalese troops, led by General Amar Singh Thapa, were driven back from Hariharpur Gadhi by the British forces, led by Major General David Ochterlony, during the Anglo-Nepalese War in 1816. This marked a significant victory for the British in their military occupation of the territory.
6.3.Treaty of Sugauli
Was the treaty that ended the Anglo-Nepali War. Nepal lost one-third of its territory.
March 1816: The Anglo-Nepalese War ended with the Treaty of Sugauli, which has been considered as an unequal treaty vecause it led to Nepal losing one-third of its territory. The river Mechi became the new Eastern border and the Mahakali the Western boundary of Nepal.
March 1816: The Treaty of Sugauli, signed following the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814-16, established the boundary line of Nepal.
Was an armed conflict between the British Empire and the Kingdom of Manipur.
February 1826: The Kingdom of Manipur was caught in the middle of the First Anglo-Burmese War when Britain declared war on Burma in 1824. The conflict arose after British forces discovered Burmese intentions to attack the Sylhet district of Bengal.
January 1820: Following the death of Manipur king Bhagyachand, his son Chourjit Singh assumed power. Unsatisfied with the succession, Chourjit's brother Marjit Singh launched a failed revolt, later fleeing to Burma. Burmese emperor Bawdawpay seized the opportunity of invading Manipur, in support of Marjit Singh's claim to the throne. In 1819, Burma annexed Manipur.
February 1826: The conflict between Britain and Burma, known as the First Anglo-Burmese War, was sparked by the discovery of Burmese plans to attack the Sylhet district of Bengal. This led to Britain declaring war on Burma on 5 March 1824.
Were a series of wars between the British Empire and the Konbaung dynasty of Burma. After the third and last war, Burma was annexed to British India.
8.1.First Anglo-Burmese War
Was the first of a series of wars between the British Empire and the Konbaung dynasty of Burma. Burma lost territories in Assam, Manipur, and Arakan.
8.1.1.Western theatre (First Anglo-Burmese War)
Was a British military campaign in western Burma during the First Anglo-Burmese War.
February 1824: British forces reached Cachar and Jaintia.
March 1824: Burmese general Thado Thiri Maha Uzana defeated the British units in Cachar and Jaintia in January 1824.
May 1824: Battle of Ramu.
8.1.2.Burma interior Campaign (First Anglo-Burmese War)
Was a British military campaign in the interior of Burma during the First Anglo-Burmese War.
April 1825: Battle of Danubyu.
February 1826: Battle of Prome.
February 1826: British army at Yandabo village, only 80 km from the capital Ava, the Burmese were forced to accept the British terms without discussion. According to the treaty, the Burmese agreed to: Cede to the British- Assam without any consent and approval of the Ahom Kingdom in their own region, Manipur, Rakhine (Arakan), and the Taninthayi (Tenasserim) coast south of the Salween River.
January 1826: With a large portion of the Burmese army dispersed at Prome, the British army led by Campbell advanced toward Ava unimpeded until they encountered a stockaded defence at Bagan.
May 1825: The British proceeded to occupy the rest of Arakan.
August 1824: The British launched attacks on Burmese lines, and by July 1824, had successfully pushed the Burmese towards Kamayut, 8 km from Shwedagon.
November 1824: Burmese general Bandula commanded a force of 30,000 massed outside Yangon.
January 1826: Battle of Prome.
May 1824: A British naval force of over 10,000 men (5,000 British soldiers and over 5,000 Indian sepoys) entered the harbour of Yangon (Rangoon), taking the Burmese by surprise.
December 1824: The Burmese were driven out of their last remaining stronghold at Kokine.
8.1.3.Treaty of Yandabo
Was the peace treaty that ended the First Anglo-Burmese War. .
February 1826: The Treaty of Yandabo ended the First Anglo-Burmese War. The treaty resulted in the cession of Assam, Manipur, Tripura, Rakhine, and Tenasserim to the British.
8.2.Second Anglo-Burmese War
Was the first of a series of wars between the British Empire and the Konbaung dynasty of Burma. Burma lost the Pegu province (renamed Lower Burma by the British).
April 1852: Rangoon was occupied on the 12th by British forces led by General Godwin. This marked the beginning of British military occupation in the region, following the Second Anglo-Burmese War.
January 1853: Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General of India at the time, and King Pagan was the ruler of the province of Pegu. The British East India Company annexed Pegu in 1853 as part of their expanding colonial territories in India.
April 1852: In 1852, during the Second Anglo-Burmese War, the port of Martaban was taken by British forces led by General Godwin.
June 1852: Pegu, a city in Burma, was taken by British forces on 3 June 1852 during the Second Anglo-Burmese War. The British military occupation of Pegu marked a significant turning point in the conflict between the British Empire and the Burmese Kingdom.
April 1852: Shwedagon Pagoda conquered by great britain.
October 1852: British Major-General Godwin occupied Prome on 9 October.
May 1852: Bassein was seized by the British on 19 May.
8.3.Third Anglo-Burmese War
Was the last of a series of wars between the British Empire and the Konbaung dynasty of Burma. Burma was annexed to British India.
November 1885: British General Harry Prendergast was ordered to conquer Upper Burma with 11,000 men, light boats and elephants. Also due to disagreements within the Burmese troops, Prendergast's troops reached the capital Mandalay on November 26 with little resistance and forced the king to abdicate.
January 1886: The Shan States and Karenni States became princely states of the British Empire after the defeat of Burma in the Anglo-Burmese Wars.
8.3.1.British annexion of Burma
Annexion of the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma by British India after the Third Anglo-Burmese War.
November 1885: The British, led by General Sir Harry Prendergast, annexed the remaining territories of the Konbaung dynasty in Burma during the Third Anglo-Burmese War in 1885. This was in response to the growing influence of French Indochina in the region.
Were three wars in which the British Empire tried to extend its influence in modern-day Afghanistan.
9.1.First Anglo-Afghan War
Was a war between the British Empire and the Emirate of Afghanistan. As the British wanted to extend their influence to Afghanistan, they invaded and occupied the country. An uprising in Kabul led the British to the decision of leaving the country. The whole British army but one man was slaughtered during its retreat.
9.1.1.British Invasion (First Anglo-Afghan War)
Was the British invasion of Afghanistan during the First Anglo-Afghan War.
July 1839: In 1839, during the First Anglo-Afghan War, British-led forces under the command of General Sir John Keane launched a surprise attack and captured the fortress of Ghazni. This strategic victory allowed for the military occupation of Ghazni by Great Britain.
April 1839: In 1839, British forces led by Sir John Keane crossed the Bolan Pass and captured Quetta, a strategic city in southern Afghanistan. This marked the beginning of British military occupation in the region.
April 1839: British forces camped at Kandahar on 25 April 1839.
August 1839: In 1838 British viceroy Lord Auckland, restored Shah Shojāʿ to the Afghan throne in Kabul on August 1839 and made Afghanistan a British protectorate.
9.1.2.1842 retreat from Kabul
After an uprising in Kabul, the british-indian army was allowed to leave Afghanistan but was then massacrated during the retreat.
January 1842: After an uprising in Kabul, the British-Indian army was allowed to leave Afghanistan but in reality the British forces were massacrated at Gandamak (January 13 1842).
9.1.3.Punitive Expedition to Kabul
The Battle of Kabul was part of a punitive campaign undertaken by the British against the Afghans following the disastrous retreat from Kabul of 1842.
September 1842: The Battle of Kabul in 1842 was led by British General William Elphinstone against Afghan forces, seeking retribution for the massacre of British troops during the retreat from Kabul. The British occupation of Kabul was a response to the Afghan uprising against British rule.
November 1842: After the Kabul Expedition, the British demolished parts of Kabul before withdrawing to India, concluding the First Anglo-Afghan War.
9.2.Second Anglo-Afghan War
Was a war between Afghanistan and the British Empire. At the end of the war, Afghanistan became a British protectorate.
9.2.1.First British Invasion
Was the British invasion of Afghanistan at the beginning of the Second Anglo-Afghan War.
November 1878: Battle of Peiwar Kotal.
9.2.1.1.Treaty of Gandamak
Was signed on 26 May 1879 to officially end the first phase of the Second Anglo-Afghan War. Under the treaty, the Afghan Emir, Mohammad Yaqub Khan, ceded various frontier areas to the British Raj and the country became a British protectorate.
May 1879: A peace treaty was signed on 26 May 1879 to officially end the first phase of the Second Anglo-Afghan War. Under its terms, the Afghan Emir, Mohammad Yaqub Khan, ceded various frontier areas to the British Raj, including Quetta, Pishin, Harnai, Sibi, Kurram, and Khyber, while retaining sovereignty over the rest of Afghanistan.
May 1879: With British forces occupying Kabul, Afghan Amir Yaqub Khan, signed the Treaty of Gandamak on 26 May 1879. According to this agreement and in return for an annual subsidy and vague assurances of assistance in case of foreign aggression, Yaqub relinquished control of Afghan foreign affairs to Britain.
9.2.2.Afghan Revolt
Was an uprising in Kabul, agains the British forces that had occupied Afghanistan at the beginning of the Second Anglo-Afghan War.
September 1879: An uprising in Kabul led to the slaughter of Sir Louis Cavagnari, the British representative, along with his guards.
9.2.3.Second British Invasion (Second Anglo-Afghan War)
Was the second invasion of Afghanistan during the Second Anglo-Afghan War, after a revolt in Kabul had forced the British to leave the country.
October 1879: British forces defeated the Afghan Army at Charasiab.
October 1880: After the British victory against Afghan forces in the Battle of Kandahar (1880), the British appointed Abdur Rahman as the ruler and left the occupied territories in Afghanistan. Afghanistan became a protectorate with British control over the country's foreign policy.
July 1880: Battle of Maiwand.
September 1880: The Battle of Kandahar brought a close to the Second Anglo-Afghan War. Emir Ayub Khan had been decisively beaten. The British appointed Abdur Rahman as emir of Afghanistan, under a protected state which gave Britain control of Afghanistan's foreign policy.
August 1880: Siege of Kandahar.
October 1879: In 1879, during the Second Anglo-Afghan War, Kabul was occupied for two days by British forces led by General Frederick Roberts and Sir Donald Stewart. This military occupation marked a significant moment in the conflict between Afghanistan and Great Britain.
9.3.Third Anglo-Afghan War
Was a conflict that began in 1919 when the Emirate of Afghanistan invaded British India.
May 1919: An Uprising took place in Peshwar with the support of Afghan forces.
May 1919: The inhabitants of Peshawar complied and by dawn on 8 May the situation in the city was under control and the threat of an uprising abated.
May 1919: The British commander in Quetta decided to attack the Afghan fortress at Spin Baldak, capturing it.
June 1919: The Afghan camp at Yusef Khel was seized by British force.
May 1919: Afghan troops crossed the frontier at the western end of the Khyber Pass and captured the town of Bagh.
May 1919: A second attack was made on Bagh by the British 1st and 2nd Infantry Brigades, under Major General Fowler, and this time it proved successful.
August 1919: The Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 brought the Third Anglo-Afghan War to an end. It was signed on 8 August 1919 in Rawalpindi by Great Britain and Afghanistan. Britain recognised Afghanistan's independence (as per Article 5 of the treaty), agreed that British India would not extend past the Khyber Pass and stopped British subsidies to Afghanistan. Afghanistan also accepted all previously agreed border arrangements with British India.
Were two military conflicts between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company that resulted in the fall of the Sikh Empire.
10.1.First Anglo-Sikh War
Was a military conflict between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company.
January 1846: Battle of Aliwal.
December 1845: Battle of Mudki.
December 1845: Battle of Ferozeshah.
February 1846: Battle of Sobraon.
10.1.1.Treaty of Lahore
In the Treaty of Lahore of 9 March 1846 that ended the First Anglo-Sikh War, the Sikhs surrendered the Jullundur Doab region to the British.
March 1846: In the Treaty of Lahore the Sikhs were made to surrender the valuable region (the Jullundur Doab) between the Beas River and Sutlej River.
March 1846: The Lahore Durbar was required to pay an indemnity of 15 million rupees to the British. Because it could not readily raise this sum, it ceded Kashmir, Hazarah and all the forts, territories, rights and interests in the hill countries situated between the Rivers Beas and Indus to the East India Company, as equivalent to ten million of rupees.
10.2.Second Anglo-Sikh War
Was a military conflict between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company that took place in 1848 and 1849 and resulted in the fall of the Sikh Empire.
January 1849: Battle of Chillianwala.
February 1849: Battle of Chillianwala.
March 1849: Chattar Singh and Sher Singh surrendered near Rawalpindi.
January 1849: Mulraj surrendered on 22 January.
January 1849: Captain John Nicholson, leading irregular cavalry based at Peshawar, seized the vital fort of Attock on the Indus River from its Sikh garrison.
February 1849: Battle of Gujrat.
March 1849: Sikh ruler Duleep Singh signed away all claims to the rule of the Punjab to the British, who annexed the region.
10 May 1857 - 1 November 1858: a major, but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in India in 1857-58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown.
May 1857: A major, but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown.
August 1858: With the Government of India Act 1858 India was thereafter administered directly by the British government in the new British Raj.
.
Was an armed conflict between the British Empire and the Kingdom of Manipur.
April 1891: The Silchar, Tamu and Kohima columns united to capture Imphal.
April 1891: The Tamu column retreated from Thoubal in order to join the other columns.
April 1891: On 21 April, the Silchar column reached Thoubal.
March 1891: The Tamu column seized Thoubal.
April 1891: In 1891, during the Anglo-Manipur War, the Tamu column led by British General Thangal clashed with Meitei troops outside Palel. The Meitei troops, led by King Kulachandra, were pursuing the British troops but were ultimately pushed back. This event marked a significant turning point in the conflict.
September 1890: In the Kingdom of Manipur, Prince Kulachandra Singh led his brothers in a revolt against reigning Maharaja Surchandra, dethroning him.
18 February 1918 - 8 April 1918: The Marri rose against the British authorities in modern-day Pakistan.
February 1918: 18 February 1918 – 8 April 1918: The Marri rose against the British authorities around 18 February a punitive expedition carried out against the Marri and Khetran tribes of Balochistan, British India between February and April 1918.
November 1919 - December 1920: British-Indian Army suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
December 1919: November 1919 – December 1920: British-Indian Army suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
British-Indian Army suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
January 1936: 1936–1939: British-Indian Army suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
A communist uprising in the Princely State of Travancore, British India against the Prime Minister, C. P. Ramaswami Iyer and the state.
November 1946: A communist uprising in the Princely State of Travancore, British India against the Prime Minister, C. P. Ramaswami Iyer and the state.
Selected Sources
Showalter, D. (2013): Imperial Wars 1815-1914, Amber Books Ltd, p. 1839
Yawnghwe, C.T. (2010): The Shan of Burma: Memoirs of a Shan Exile, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, pp. 68-76
Anglo-Indian Wars
