Domain of Ali

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Was a domain during the first Fitna (656-661). After the Rashidun Caliphe was assassinated, Ali was declared Caliph in Medina.

Establishment

January 657: Uthman Ibn Affan, the third Rashidun caliph, was assassinated at the end of a siege upon his house. The people of Medina asked Ali, who had been chief judge in Medina, to become the Caliph and he accepted, establishing the Umayyad Caliphate. Muawiya, governor of Syria and distant cousin of Othman, disputed Ali's legitimacy.

January 657: The local population, led by Qarin (possibly a member of the House of Karen) rose in revolt. The Arabs evacuated all of Khurasan, and according to Chinese sources, the princes of Tokharistan restored Yazdegerd III's son Peroz as titular king of Persia for a time.

July 657: They were separated from him. Following the Battle of Siffin Ali agreed to settle the dispute with Mu'awiya, governor of Syria.

Chronology

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1. First Fitna

Was a civil war at the end of the Rashidun Caliphate that led to the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate.

July 658: Battle of Nahrawan: Rashidun Caliphate victory.

1.1.Hasan-Muawiya treaty

Was a political peace treaty signed in 661 between Caliph Hasan ibn Ali and Mu'awiya I (r. 661-680) to bring the First Fitna (656-661) to an end.

January 662: In the Hasan-Muawiya treaty, Hasan ibn Ali handed over power to Muawiya.

2. Early Muslim conquests

Were the military campaigns by the first three Islamic Caliphates (the Caliphate of Muhammad, the Rashidun Caliphate and the Umayyad Caliphate) that led to the Islamic conquest of most of the Middle East as well as the Iberian Peninsula.

2.1.Muslim conquest of Transoxiana, Ferghana and Khorasan

Were the 7th and 8th century conquests, by Umayyad and Abbasid Arabs, of Transoxiana, the land between the Oxus (Amu Darya) and Jaxartes (Syr Darya) rivers, a part of Central Asia that today includes all or parts of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.