Kingdom of England (Normandy)
This article is about the specific polity Kingdom of England (Normandy) and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
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William the conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, conquered the Kingdom of England in 1066, claiming to be the legitimate heir to the Throne. His predecessor, Harold Godwinson, was the last Anglo-Saxon King and died in the battle of Hastings. England and Normandy remained in Personal Union until 1154.
Establishment
September 1066: The Normans crossed to England a few days after Harold's victory over the Norwegians at Stamford Bridge on 25 September, following the dispersal of Harold's naval force. They landed at Pevensey in Sussex on 28 September.
October 1066: The Normans erected a wooden castle at Hastings.
October 1066: The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England.
October 1066: William moved up the Thames valley to cross the river at Wallingford, Berkshire, while there he received the submission of Stigand.
November 1066: William advanced, marching around the coast of Kent to London. He defeated an English force that attacked him at Southwark.
December 1066: The English leaders surrendered to William at Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire. William was acclaimed King of England and crowned by Ealdred on 25 December 1066.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by the army of the Duke of Normandy, William the Conqueror.
June 1068: The Siege of Exeter occurred in 1068 when William I marched a combined army of Normans and Englishmen loyal to the king west to force the submission of Exeter, a stronghold of Anglo-Saxon resistance against Norman rule.
1.1.Harrying of the North
Was a series of military campaigns waged by William the Conqueror in the winter of 1069-1070 to subjugate northern England.
January 1070: Sweyn II of Denmark landed with an army, in much the same way as Harald Hardrada. He took control of York after defeating the Norman garrison and inciting a local uprising.
April 1070: King William defeated the Danish forces and devastated the region of York in the Harrying of the North.
Was a civil war in England and Normandy between 1138 and 1153 that followed the death of King Henry I.
January 1135: Robert of Gloucester, illegitimate son of Henry I and half-brother of the Empress Matilda, one of the most powerful Anglo-Norman barons, as he controlled large estates in Normandy and was Earl of Gloucester, rebelled against the king in Kent and south- west of England.
December 1135: David of Scotland, related to Matilda on her mother's side, Queen Margaret, once again invaded the north of England, pressing southward into Yorkshire.
April 1136: The royal army marched north rapidly, and Stephen of England met David of Scotland at Durham. Here an agreement was reached whereby David would return most of the acquired territories, with the exception of Carlisle.
January 1137: In 1136, following the Welsh victory in January at the Battle of Llwchwr, in the county of Glamorgan, and the successful ambush of Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare in April of the same year, a rebellion broke out in south Wales.
January 1139: Dover surrendered to the forces of Stephen.
January 1139: The English king took the opportunity of his military advantage to reach an agreement with Scotland: Matilda of Boulogne, wife of the king, was sent to negotiate a treaty between her husband, King Stephen, and David I of Scotland. With the Treaty of Durham, Northumbria and Cumbria were granted to the Scottish king.
January 1139: Still as part of the maneuvers aimed at stemming the now rampant civil war, Stephen himself went west in an attempt to regain control of Gloucestershire, first striking in the north of the Welsh Marches, taking Hereford and Strewsbury, and then moving towards Bath.
November 1139: Matilda now controlled a compact block of territories: in the southwest from Gloucester and Bristol up to Devon and Cornwall, in the west in the Welsh Marches and in the east up to Oxford and Wallingford (see the situation shown on the map).
April 1140: Nigel, Bishop of Ely, was a supporter of Matilda, who was in a power struggle with King Stephen for the English throne. After having his castles confiscated by Stephen, Nigel rebelled against the king in 1140 in Ely.
January 1141: Stephen brought an armada into the Fens and using pontoon bridges to form a causeway which enabled him to make a surprise attack on Ely island. Nigel managed to escape from Gloucester but his men and castles were captured, thus restoring order to the east.
February 1141: Battle of lincoln.
June 1141: On June 24, shortly before the planned coronation, the city of London rose against Matilda and Geoffrey de Mandeville. Matilda and her supporters managed to escape in a chaotic retreat towards Oxford.
December 1142: Shortly before Christmas, Empress Matilda managed to flee the castle on foot, crossed the frozen river and reached Wallingford, leaving the castle garrison free to surrender the following day.
December 1154: After the death of Stephen of England, he is succeeded by Henry of Anjou. The Treaty of Wallingford had allowed Stephen to keep the crown until his death, but at the same time had forced him to recognize Henry of Anjou (also known as Henry FitzEmpress), son of Matilde, as his successor.
September 1087: William the conqueror's lands were divided after his death: Normandy went to his son Robert, and England went to his second surviving son, William Rufus.
September 1106: In 1106, Henry of England defeated his brother Robert's army decisively at the Battle of Tinchebray and claimed Normandy as a possession of the English crown.
December 1135: On the death of King Henry I in 1135, Cumberland was regained by Scotland's King David I.
January 1140: Until the thirteenth century the borders of Scotland with England were very fluid, with Northumbria being annexed to Scotland by David I. After another invasion by his father, Henry of England was finally invested with the Earldom of Northumberland in 1139.
January 1144: Geoffrey V of Anjou, also known as Geoffrey Plantagenet, was a powerful medieval nobleman who became Duke of Normandy through military conquest in 1144.
December 1154: Stephen of England recognised Henry of Anjou as his heir. Stephen died the next year and Henry ascended the throne as Henry II, the first Angevin king of England.
Disestablishment
December 1154: After the death of Stephen of England, he is succeeded by Henry of Anjou. The Treaty of Wallingford had allowed Stephen to keep the crown until his death, but at the same time had forced him to recognize Henry of Anjou (also known as Henry FitzEmpress), son of Matilde, as his successor.
December 1154: Stephen of England recognised Henry of Anjou as his heir. Stephen died the next year and Henry ascended the throne as Henry II, the first Angevin king of England.
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