This article is about the specific polity Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Russia) and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
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Poland-Lithuania was in personal union with Saxony until Russia orchestrated a coup, effectively making Poland-Lithuania a protectorate. After the revolt of Bar (1768-1772) Poland was partitioned in by Russia, Prussia and Austria in three stages.
Establishment
September 1764: Poland was in personal union with Saxony until Russia orchestrated a coup, effectively making it its protectorate (A Russian-backed coup in Poland, instigated by the Czartoryskis, resulted in the election of Stanislaus II Augustus Poniatowski as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania on 7 September 1764 as Stanisław II). For this reason the war of Bar is to be considered a rebellion that takes place parallel to the partition of Poland (first partition).
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Russia instigated a coup that made Poland its factual protectorate.
Was a revolt of Polish nobles that revolted against Russian influence to protect the independence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The revolt was put down and shortly after the First Partition of Poland took place.
2.1.First Partition of Poland
Was the first of the three partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the time the country was occupied by Russia. The first partition saw Polish-Lithuanian territories taken by Austria, Russia and Prussia.
August 1772: On 19 February 1772, the agreement of partition was signed in Vienna. A previous agreement between Prussia and Russia had been made in Saint Petersburg on 6 February 1772. Early in August Russian, Prussian and Austrian troops simultaneously entered the Commonwealth and occupied the provinces agreed upon among themselves. On 5 August, the three parties signed the treaty on their respective territorial gains on the Commonwealth's expense.
August 1772: The Treaty of Lubowla was signed in 1412 between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Kingdom of Poland. The annexation of 13 Hungarian towns by Austria in 1769 was a violation of this treaty, leading to tensions between the two powers.
August 1772: First partition of Poland: Prussia buys Ermland (Warmia) and Royal Prussia (organized in the province of West Prussia), the county of Pomerania, but without the city of Danzig, the counties of Marienburg (Malbork), Kulm ( Chełmno), but without the city of Torun, and some districts in Greater Poland.
January 1773: With the First Partition of Poland, Zator fell to the Habsburg Empire.
2.2.Second Partition of Poland
The second of three partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth happened in the aftermath of the Polish-Russian War of 1792. Polish-Lithuanian territories were acquired by Prussia and Russia.
2.3.Third Partition of Poland
Was the third an final partition of Poland-Lithuania whose immediate reason was the Kościuszko Uprising against Prussia and Russia. The Polish-Lithuanian remaining territories were partitioned between the Habsburg Monarchy, Prussia and Russia. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ceased to exist.
Was an uprising against the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and in the Prussian territories in Poland. The revolt was caused by the first two partitions of Poland.
3.1.Revolt proper (Kościuszko Uprising)
On 24 March 1794, Tadeusz Kościuszko, a veteran of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War, announced a general uprising of Poland-Lithuania against Russia and Prussia.
March 1794: Tadeusz Kościuszko, a veteran of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War, announced the general uprising in a speech in the Kraków town square and assumed the powers of the Commander in Chief of all of the Polish forces.
April 1794: By early April the Polish forces concentrated in the lands of Lublin and Volhynia,.
April 1794: On 17 April in Warsaw, the Russian attempt to arrest those suspected of supporting the insurrection and to disarm the weak Polish garrison of Warsaw under Gen. Stanisław Mokronowski by seizing the arsenal at Miodowa Street resulted in an uprising against the Russian garrison of Warsaw.
April 1794: In 1794, Jakub Jasiński led an uprising in Wilno (Vilnius) against the Russian Empire.
November 1794: The commander of the Kościuszko Uprising, Tomasz Wawrzecki, surrendered to Russian and Prussian forces Radoszyce.
May 1791: As the Russians found themselves fighting in the Russo-Swedish War, a new alliance between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Prussia seeming to provide security against Russian intervention was signed. On 3 May 1791 the a constitution was read and adopted to overwhelming popular support. End of Russian influence in Poland.
Disestablishment
October 1795: Third partition of Poland.
October 1795: On January 3, 1795, Catherine II and the Habsburg Emperor Franz II signed the partition treaty, which Prussia joined on October 24. Accordingly, the three states divided the rest of Poland along the Memel, Bug and Pilica rivers.
October 1795: On January 3, 1795, Catherine II of Russia and the Habsburg Emperor Franz II signed the partition treaty, which Prussia joined on October 24. Accordingly, the three states divided what remained of Poland along the Memel, Bug and Pilica rivers.
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Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Russia)
