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Data

Name: Iraq (Military Occupation)

Type: Polity

Start: 1948 AD

End: 1991 AD

Parent: iraq

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Icon Iraq (Military Occupation)

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Polity that includes all territories militarly occupied by Iraq that are not part of a specific military territory.

Establishment


  • May 1948: Iraqi forces march on the triangle of Jenin - Nablus - Tulkarem.
  • July 1948: Majdal Yaba was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • Chronology


    Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

    1. Arab-Israeli conflict


    is an ongoing conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbours, as well as with Palestine, an area factually controlled by Israel itself. The conflict begun when the British Mandate in Palestine (a former Ottoman territory) was partitioned into an Arab and a Jewish state.

    1.1.Palestine War

    Was a war that took place in Palestine, initially a British Mandate, between the Jewish population and the the Arab population (later with the support of the Arab league) of the region. It is traditionally divided in two phases: a civil war in the final phase of the British Mandate, and a full-scale invasion by a coalition of Arab countries after the British left Palestine. During the war the State of Israel was established.

    1.1.1.1948 Arab-Israeli War

    Was a war between the newly established State of Israel and a coalition of Arab states. It was the second phase of the Palestine War of 1948. After the evacuation of the British forces from the Mandate for Palestine, Israel declared its independence, and Palestine was invaded by a coalition of Arab states.

    1.1.1.1.Central Front (1948 Arab-Israeli War)

    Were a series of battles on the central front of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War at the beginning of the war.


    1.1.1.2.Central Front - Operation Danny

    Was a military operation by Israeli forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.


    1.1.2.1949 Armistice Agreements

    Were a series of agreements between Israel, Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria that formally ended the 1948 Arab-Israel War.

  • July 1949: By 20 July Israel made Armistice Agreements with Egypt, Lebanon, Transjordan, and Syria, ending the 1947-1949 Palestine war. Israel was left with the part of Mandatory Palestine it had conquered during the war.
  • July 1949: By 20 July Israel made Armistice Agreements with Egypt, Lebanon, Transjordan, and Syria, ending the 1947-1949 Palestine war. Western Jordan remains occupied by Jordan.

  • 2. Iran-Iraq War


    Was a war between Iran and Iraq from 1980 to 1988. Hoping to take advantage from the chaos cuased by the Islamic Revolution of 1979 in Iran, Iraqi forces invaded the country in 1980 with the goal of annexing Iran's Khuzestan province. However, by 1982 Iran had regained all the occupied territories and launched an invasion of Iraq. In 1988 Iraq launched a major counteroffensive that finally led to the end of the war with the same pre-war borders.

  • June 1981: Iran retook the high ground above Susangerd in May.
  • December 1981: Operation Tariq al-Qods was a military operation carried out by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps in 1981 at the Bostan, Chazabeh border checkpoint. The operation was led by General Qasem Soleimani and resulted in the territory being taken by the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  • March 1982: Operation Fath ol-Mobin.
  • May 1982: Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas.
  • May 1982: Iranian liberation of Khorramshahr.
  • November 1982: At the end of Operation Muharram, Iran succeeded to free the highlands 400/298, Bayat oil territory, Anbar river, Chamsari police station, Musian and other returns.
  • August 1983: Operation Dawn 3 operation carried out by the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1983 in Mehran.
  • June 1986: Saddam Hussein, the President of Iraq at the time, led the military occupation of Mehran in May 1986. This marked the third time that Saddam's forces were able to seize control of the city during the Iran-Iraq War.
  • July 1986: Battle of Mehran.
  • June 1988: Operation Forty Stars.
  • July 1988: The Iraqis captured the city of Dehloran.
  • July 1988: The Iraqis withdrew from Dehloran, claiming that they had "no desire to conquer Iranian territory".
  • July 1988: Kerend-e Gharb is occupied by Iraqi forces.
  • July 1988: The Iranians defeated the Iraqis in the city of Kerend-e Gharb.
  • July 1988: Iran drove the MEK out of Qasr-e-Shirin and Sarpol Zahab, though MEK claimed to have "voluntarily withdrawn".
  • November 1988: At the conclusion of the Iran-Iraq War, it took several weeks for the armies to honor pre-war international borders.

  • 2.1.Iraqi invasion of Iran

    Was the invasion of Iran by Iraqi forces at the beginning of the Iran-Iraq War.

  • September 1980: Iraqi forces were able to block the traditional Tehran-Baghdad invasion route by securing territory forward of Qasr-e Shirin, Iran.
  • September 1980: On the central front, the Iraqis occupied Mehran.
  • September 1980: Battle of Khorramshahr.
  • November 1980: The Iraqi attempted to capture the strategic oil refinery Abadan. The cities of Ahvaz, Andimeshk, Dezful, Shush, and Susangerd were also occupied.
  • November 1980: Battle of Khorramshahr.
  • November 1980: Iranian territory occupied by Iraq in November 1980.
  • September 1981: End of the Iraqi siege of Abadan.

  • 3. Gulf War


    Was the military intervention by a United Nations-authorized coalition led by the U.S. in 1991 to free Kuwait from Iraqi forces that occupied the country since August 1990.

    3.1.Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

    In August 1990 Iraq invaded and annexed the neighboring State of Kuwait. Iraq's subsequent refusal to withdraw from Kuwait led to a military intervention by UN forces (known as the First Gulf War).

  • August 1990: Battle of the Bridges.
  • August 1990: Battle of Dasman Palace.
  • August 1990: Battle of Failaka.
  • August 1990: Alaa Hussein Ali is appointed Prime Minister of the Provisional Government of Free Kuwait and Ali Hassan al-Majid is appointed Governor of the Kuwait Governorate, which is declared the 19th Governorate of Iraq.
  • August 1990: Kuwait formally annexed by Iraq.

  • 3.2.Iraqi invasion of Saudi Arabia

    Iraqi forces invaded the town of Khafji in Saudi Arabia during the First Gulf War. Saudi Arabia was part of the coalition that invaded Kuwait to free it from Iraqi occupation.

  • January 1991: Iraqi forces invade the town of Khafji in Saudi Arabia.
  • February 1991: Iraqi forces are driven out of Saudi Arabia.

  • Disestablishment


  • January 1991: Iraqi forces invade the town of Khafji in Saudi Arabia.
  • February 1991: Iraqi forces are driven out of Saudi Arabia.
  • Selected Sources


  • Alain Gresh et Dominique Vidal, Palestine 47, un partage avorté, 1994, p. 177.
  • Farrokh, K. (2011): Iran at War: 1500-1988, Oxford: Osprey Publishing
  • Gilbert, M. (2012): The Routledge Atlas of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 10th Edition, Routledge, p.50
  • Iran - Iraq War, 1980 -1988 . United States Military Academy of Westpoint. Retrieved on 7 April 2024 on https://www.westpoint.edu/sites/default/files/inline-images/academics/academic_departments/history/Since%201958/Iran-Iraq.jpg
  • Operation Danny. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 30 March 2024 on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Danny
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