Northwest Territory
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Was an organized incorporated territory of the United States.
Establishment
July 1787: The region lying west of Pennsylvania, north of the Ohio River, east of the Mississippi River, and south of the Great Lakes, became the Northwest Territory by an Act of Congress in 1787.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were fought by European governments and colonists in North America, and later by the United States and Canadian governments and American and Canadian settlers, against various American Indian and First Nation tribes.
1.1.Northwest Indian War
Was an armed conflict for control of the Northwest Territory fought between the United States and a united group of Native American nations known today as the Northwestern Confederacy.
1.1.1.Jay Treaty
Was a 1794 treaty between the United States and Great Britain that averted war and resolved issues remaining since the Treaty of Paris of 1783. Among other things, the British agreed to peacefully vacate the forts it still controlled in the United States.
July 1796: Evacuation of Fort Lernoult (including Fort Detroit). With the Jay Treaty the British agreed and succeeded to vacate its forts in United States territory - six in the Great Lakes region and two at the north end of Lake Champlain - by June 1796.
July 1796: Evacuation of Fort Miami. With the Jay Treaty the British agreed and succeeded to vacate its forts in United States territory - six in the Great Lakes region and two at the north end of Lake Champlain - by June 1796.
July 1796: Evacuation of Fort Mackinac. With the Jay Treaty the British agreed and succeeded to vacate its forts in United States territory - six in the Great Lakes region and two at the north end of Lake Champlain - by June 1796.
September 1788: The U.S. congress set apart 4,000 acres at Shoenbrun on Muskingnum river for Christian Indians.
January 1793: The alliance between the Western Confederacy and the Wabash Confederacy, led by Little Turtle and Blue Jacket, ended in 1792 when the Wabash Confederacy signed a treaty with the United States, ceding their territory to the Northwest Territory.
August 1794: Territories conquered by the United States around the time of the Battle of Fallen Timbers, and later formally ceded by the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanees, Ottawas, Chippewas, Pattawatimas, Miamis, Eel Rivers, Weas, Kickapoos,Piankeshaws, and Kaskaskias with the Treaty of Greenville (1795).
January 1796: The U.S. finally defeated the Indian Western Confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 and imposed the Treaty of Greenville, which ceded most of what is now Ohio, part of present-day Indiana, and the lands that include present-day Chicago and Detroit, to the United States federal government.
June 1800: Connecticut ceded the Western Reserve, a strip of land in present-day Ohio, to the federal government in 1800. The territory was then assigned to the Northwest Territory.
July 1800: In 1800, the Northwest Territory was reduced to Ohio, eastern Michigan, and a small portion of southeastern Indiana with the creation of the Indiana Territory. This change was a result of the passage of the Northwest Ordinance and the leadership of Governor Arthur St. Clair.
March 1803: The Northwest Territory was a region in the United States that included present-day Ohio. In 1803, Ohio became a state and the remaining portion of the Northwest Territory was added to the Indiana Territory. This change marked the end of the Northwest Territory as a distinct political entity.
March 1803: The southern half of the Northwest Territory, along with a thin sliver of Indiana Territory, was admitted as the seventeenth state, Ohio.
Disestablishment
March 1803: The southern half of the Northwest Territory, along with a thin sliver of Indiana Territory, was admitted as the seventeenth state, Ohio.
March 1803: The Northwest Territory was a region in the United States that included present-day Ohio. In 1803, Ohio became a state and the remaining portion of the Northwest Territory was added to the Indiana Territory. This change marked the end of the Northwest Territory as a distinct political entity.
Selected Sources
Fredriksen, J.C. (2010): Chronology of American Military History - Volume 1, Facts On File, pp.179,185
Gaff, A. D. (2004): Bayonets in the Wilderness: Anthony Wayne's Legion in the Old Northwest, Norman (USA), p. xvii-xix
Order of States’ Admission. Arkansas Secretary of State. Retrieved on 3 April 2024 on https://www.sos.arkansas.gov/education/arkansas-history/history-of-the-flag/order-of-states-admission
Royce, C. C. (1899): Indian Land Cessions in the United States, Eighteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, p. 650
Royce, C. C. (1899): Indian Land Cessions in the United States, Eighteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, p. 654
Werther, R.J. (5 January 2023): The “Western Forts” of the 1783 Treaty of Paris. Journal of the American Revolution. https://allthingsliberty.com/2023/01/the-western-forts-of-the-1783-treaty-of-paris/
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