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Was a coalition of Catholic states of the Holy Roman Empire formed 10 July 1609 that was a major faction during the Thirty Years' War.
Establishment
September 1622: From the summer of 1622, the territories of the Palatinate on the right bank of the Rhine were occupied by the troops of the Catholc League. Frederick V of the Palatinate eventually lost his electoral dignity on February 23, 1623, which was transferred to Maximilian of Bavaria.
September 1622: The Catholic League led by General Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, captured the Protestant city of Heidelberg.
November 1622: General Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, captures Mannheim.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of wars in Europe (and the overseas possessions of European countries) the 16th, 17th and early 18th that started after the Protestant Reformation. Although the immediate causes of the wars were religious, the motives were complex and also included territorial ambitions.
1.1.Thirty Years' War
Was a war that took place mainly in central Europe between 1618 and 1648. The war began as a religious conflict between Catholics and Protestant in the Holy Roman Empire but then escalated into a conflict for the hegemony in Europe between Habsburg Spain and Austria, Sweden and France.
1.1.1.Bohemian-Palatine period
Was the first period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with a protestant revolt in Bohemia, at the time a territory of the Habsburg Domains.
1.1.1.1.War in Palatinate
Was the theatre of war in Palatinate during the first phase of the Thirty Years' War.
August 1623: In 1623, in Palatinate, Frederick V of the Electoral Palatinate signed an armistice with Ferdinand II after Tilly defeated a Protestant army led by Christian of Brunswick in the Battle of Stadtlohn. This marked the end of the "Palatine Phase" of the Thirty Years' War.
1.1.2.Danish Period
Was the second main period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with the intervention of the Kingdom of Denmark.
August 1626: In 1626, during the Thirty Years' War, the Catholic League forces, led by Tilly and Wallenstein, defeated the Protestant armies in the Battle of Lutter. This victory allowed them to conquer the Lutheran Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen and the Westphalian Prince-Bishopric of Verden, threatening the Calvinist city of Bremen.
August 1626: In 1626, during the Thirty Years' War, the Catholic League forces, led by Tilly and Wallenstein, conquered the Lutheran Prince-Bishopric of Verden in the Holy Roman Empire. This victory allowed them to threaten the Calvinist city of Bremen and expand their control in the region.
September 1627: In the summer of 1627, Wallenstein advanced into northern Germany and the Jutland peninsula in just a few weeks. Only the Danish islands remained unoccupied by the Imperialists because they had no ships.
May 1629: In 1629 Denmark signed the Peace of Lübeck with the Catholic League and withdrew from the war. The treaty restored to Christian IV of Denmark his pre-war possessions, and obliged him to cede his claims to Lower Saxon bishoprics, to discontinue his alliances with the North German states, and not to interfere with further imperial affairs in the future.
1.1.3.Swedish Period
Was the third main period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with the intervention of the Kingdom of Sweden.
May 1631: In the Thirty Years' War, Magdeburg was conquered by imperial troops under the commander Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, of the Catholic League on May 20, 1631 (May 10 according to the Julian calendar).
June 1631: The city of Magdeburg was conquered by the Catholic League troops under the command of Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, during the Thirty Years' War in May 1631. The city had been under siege for months before its fall.
September 1631: The Catholic League led by General Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, captured the fortress of Pleißenberg near Leipzig.
1.1.4.Franco-Swedish Period
Was the fourth main period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with the intervention of the Kingdom of France.
May 1648: In 1648 the bishopric of Verden was finally secularised as a result of the Peace of Westphalia. It became a principality and was transferred to the Swedish crown, whereby the existence of the Stift and the bishopric came to an end. It lasted from 1648 to 1712, with a break from 1675 to 1679, ruled together in personal union with the territory of the former Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen as the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (formally the Duchy of Bremen and Principality of Verden) with their capital in Stade.
1.1.4.1.North German Front (Sweden)
Was the north German front during the Franco-Swedish period of the Thirty Years' War.
August 1640: In 1640, the Swedes led by field marshal Banér moved through Thuringia via Saalfeld into Hesse and further near the town of Fritzlar, which was reached on August 31, 1640.
December 1643: In 1643 Swedish general Torstensson invaded Moravia for the second time.
Disestablishment
May 1648: In 1648 the bishopric of Verden was finally secularised as a result of the Peace of Westphalia. It became a principality and was transferred to the Swedish crown, whereby the existence of the Stift and the bishopric came to an end. It lasted from 1648 to 1712, with a break from 1675 to 1679, ruled together in personal union with the territory of the former Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen as the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (formally the Duchy of Bremen and Principality of Verden) with their capital in Stade.
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Catholic League
