Almohad Caliphate
This article is about the specific polity Almohad Caliphate and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
Was a North African Berber Muslim empire founded in the 12th century. At its height, it controlled much of the Iberian Peninsula (Al Andalus) and North Africa (the Maghreb).
Establishment
April 1122: Towards the end of Ramadan in late 1121, after a particularly moving sermon, reviewing his failure to persuade the Almoravids to reform by argument, Ibn Tumart 'revealed' himself as the true Mahdi. On the advice of one of his followers, Omar Hintati, a prominent chieftain of the Hintata, Ibn Tumart abandoned his cave in 1122 and went up into the High Atlas, to organize the Almohad movement among the highland Masmuda tribes.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were the conquests of Abd al-Mu'min, founder of the Moroccan Almohad Caliphate.
January 1146: Taifa of Arcos conquered by the Almohad Caliphate.
January 1146: The Taifa of Jerez was conquered by the Almohad Caliphate.
January 1146: The Taifa of Jaén fell to the Almohads.
January 1146: Expansion of the Almohad Caliphate before 1145.
January 1146: In 1145, the Taifa of Granada was annexed by the Almohad Caliphate, a Berber Muslim dynasty that ruled over North Africa and Southern Spain.
January 1146: The Almohads pursue the Almoravid Tachfin Ben Ali to Oran where he is killed. Oran, Tlemcen, Oujda and Meknes then fell, as did Fez, whose Almoravid garrison was massacred. Salé and Ceuta submit.
January 1148: Expansion of the Almohad Caliphate before 1147.
January 1151: The Taifa of Tavira is absorbed by the Almohads.
January 1151: The Taifa of Beja and Évora is acquired by the Almohad Caliphate.
January 1151: The Taifa of Badajoz fell again to the Almohads.
January 1151: The Taifa of Constantina and Hornachuelos was conquered by the Almohads.
January 1151: Taifa of Niebla fell to the Almohad caliphate.
January 1151: Taifa of Silves conquered by the Almohads.
January 1151: Taifa of Tejada conquered by the Almohad Caliphate.
January 1152: Expansion of the Almohad Caliphate before 1152.
January 1152: Taifa of Mértola conquered by the Almohads.
January 1153: Under Abd al-Mumin, the Almohads conquered the Hammadid central Maghreb.
January 1153: Expansion of the Almohad Caliphate before 1152.
January 1153: In 1152 the last Zirids in Algeria were superseded by the Almohad Caliphate.
January 1154: Fall of the Taifa of Malaga by the hands of the Almohads.
January 1158: Expansion of the Almohad Caliphate before 1160.
1.1.Almohad conquest of Norman Africa
Was the invasion of Norman Africa by the Almohads, which put an end to the presence of the Normans in the region.
January 1159: In 1158, the Almohad Caliphate conquered all of Norman Africa except for Mahdia.
August 1159: Mahdia was under Almohad siege from late in the summer of 1159.
February 1160: In January 1160 the last Sicilian stronghold in Africa, Mahdia, was breached by the Almohads and ʿAbd al-Muʾmin gave its remaining Christians and Jews the option of Islam or death.
Were a series military campaigns from the 8th century until 1492 by the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula to reconquer the region from the Islamic rulers that had conquered it during the Umayyad conquest of Hispania.
January 1148: Alfonso VII of Castile and Sancho Ramirez IV of Navarre conquer Andújar and Baeza.
February 1148: The Taifa of Almería fell under the control of the Almohads.
January 1149: In 1148, Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona, conquered Tortosa.
January 1159: Alcaniz conquered by Almohad Caliphate.
January 1159: King Alfonso I of Portugal conquers Alcácer do Sal.
January 1159: In 1158 Alcácer do Sal, one of the chief centres of Moorish commerce, was taken by the Portuguese.
January 1160: The Kingdom of Portugal, led by King Afonso I, conquered the cities of Évora and Beja from the Moors.
January 1160: In 1159 it seems that Alfonso I of Portugal conquered, but soon after abandoned, the cities of Beja and Évora.
January 1161: The Portuguese abandoned the cities of Beja and Évora.
January 1163: In a few months Portuguese troops completed, the conquest of almost the entire Alentejo region in southern Portugal: Beja, Evora, Serpa, the castle of Juromenha (near Alandroal) and then north -east, Cáceres and Trujillo, in present-day Spain.
January 1163: In 1162, Alfonso I of Portugal, also known as Afonso I, conquered Beja.
January 1170: Conquest of Cantavieja.
January 1170: The Portuguese conquer Badajoz.
January 1170: Conquest of Valderrobles.
January 1170: Conquest of Teruel.
January 1171: Conquest of Cella.
January 1171: Conquest of Teruel.
November 1171: Conquest of Teruel.
January 1172: Conquest of Mora de Rubielos.
January 1173: All of Muslim Iberia was under Almohad rule by 1172.
January 1175: Conquest of Alfambra.
January 1178: Alfonso VIII of Castile takes Cuenca.
January 1181: Conquest of Olocau del Rey.
January 1182: Conquest of Mosqueruela.
January 1190: In 1189 the Portuguese occupied Silves.
January 1193: In 1192 the Portuguese lost not only Algarve but the greater part of Alentejo, including Alcácer do Sal, to the Almohads.
January 1195: Conquest of Chelva.
July 1195: At the subsequent Battle of Alarcos, the Castilians were defeated by the caliph Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur. The reoccupation of the surrounding territory by the Almohads was quickly commenced with Calatrava falling first.
July 1195: Battle of Alarcos (July 18, 1195).
January 1197: Conquests of Alfonso / Alfonso II of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1196.
January 1211: The Muslim fortress of Al-Dāmūs in Ademuz was conquered by Peter II of Aragon in 1210, with the aid of the hospitalier and templar knights. Peter II of Aragon was the King of Aragon from 1196 until his death in 1213. The hospitalier and templar knights were military orders that played a significant role in the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula.
January 1213: The Portuguese conquer Alcácer do Sal again.
January 1213: In 1212, the Kingdom of Castile, led by King Alfonso VIII, captured the fortresses of Calatrava, Alarcos, and Benavente before facing the decisive battle of Las Navas de Tolosa against the Almohad Caliphate on July 16th.
January 1214: Conquests of Pedro/Pere II of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1213.
January 1215: Conquest of Chelva.
January 1217: Ademuz fell back into Muslim hands.
January 1229: James I conquers Mallorca, Jerica and Murviedro-Sagunto.
January 1230: Elvas conquered by Almohad Caliphate.
January 1230: Conquest of Mallorca.
January 1230: Alfonso IX of Leon advances along the Guadiana River and conquers Mérida and Badajoz.
January 1232: Cazorla conquered by Kingdom of Castile.
January 1233: Moura conquered by the Kingdom of Portugal.
January 1233: Ibiza and Jaén finally fall into Christian hands.
January 1234: Ubeda conquered by Kingdom of Castile.
September 1235: Conquest of Elvissa.
January 1236: Conquests of Jaime / Jaume I during the Reconquista by 1235.
January 1237: The Portuguese conquer most of the Algarve.
January 1237: Ferdinand III of Castile took Cordova in 1236.
January 1239: Niebla and Huelva conquered by Kingdom of Castile.
January 1239: In 1238, Niebla-Huelva was conquered by King Ferdinand III of Castile, not Leon as previously stated. This marked the territory's transfer to the Kingdom of Castile during the Reconquista.
January 1239: James I of Aragon conquered Valencia, Albarracín, Alpuente and Tortosa from the Moors.
January 1241: Ecija and Lucena conquered by Kingdom of Castile.
January 1241: Conquest of Calp.
January 1244: Orihuela conquered by Kingdom of Castile.
January 1245: Conquest of Ontinyent.
January 1245: Conquest of Gandia.
January 1246: Conquest of Benidorm.
January 1247: The Kingdom of Castile captured the Spanish provinces of Jaén and Arjona by King Ferdinand III of Castile.
January 1247: In 1246, Carmona, a strategic town in Andalusia, fell to the Christians of the Kingdom of Castile during the Reconquista.
December 1248: Ferdinand III of Castile entered Seville as a conqueror on December 22, 1248.
December 1248: Seville conquered by Kingdom of Castile.
January 1249: Alicante conquered by Kingdom of Castile.
January 1250: The region of Algarve was invaded by the Moors.
January 1250: Faro conquered by Kingdom of Portugal.
January 1251: Between 1249 and 1250 the Algarve was reconquered from the Moors.
January 1257: Conquest of Alcoi.
January 1270: In 1269, the Almohad Caliphate fell to the Kingdom of Castile during the Reconquista. This marked a significant victory for King Alfonso X of Castile, who continued to push southward, reclaiming territories from Muslim rule until 1270.
January 1270: In 1269, the Almohad Caliphate fell to the Kingdom of Aragon during the Reconquista. This marked a significant victory for King James I of Aragon, who led the Christian forces in reclaiming territory from Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula. The Reconquista continued until 1270, with the Kingdom of Aragon making further gains in the region.
The King of Sicily Roger II conquered large amounts of territories in North Africa in a series of military campaigns.
January 1153: In 1152, a fleet under Philip of Mahdia was sent to conquer Bône.
January 1125: Around 1124, Ibn Tumart erected the ribat of Tinmel, in the valley of the Nfis in the High Atlas, an impregnable fortified complex.
January 1146: The Almohad Caliphate existed from 1145.
January 1146: During the so-called second taifa age, Málaga was self-ruled for eight years starting from 1145.
January 1146: The Taifa of Murcia was a Muslim kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula from 1145.
January 1146: Establishment of the Taifa of Jaén during the second Taifa period.
January 1148: Conquest of Alguaire.
January 1149: Count Ramón Berenguer IV of Barcelona acquired Amposta.
November 1149: Conquest of Mequinonensa.
January 1150: Conquest of Lleida.
January 1152: Conquest of Falset.
January 1152: Border change of the Almohad Caliphate.
January 1154: Conquest of Prades.
January 1158: Alcaniz was conquered by count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona in 1157.
January 1160: In 1159, the Taifa of Jaén was conquered by the Taifa of Murcia.
January 1169: Taifa of Jaén conquered by the Almohad Caliphate.
January 1173: All of Muslim Iberia was under Almohad rule by 1172.
January 1173: The Taifa of Murcia fell to the Almohads.
January 1189: The Ayyubid wrested control of Kairouan from the Almohads in 1188.
January 1191: Sharaf al-Din Qaraqush was an Armenian mamluk in the service of the Ayyubid prince al-Muzaffar, who engaged in a series of campaigns of conquest in Tripolitania.
January 1204: After a hard fight, the Almoravids of Mallorca would end up being conquered by the Almohads, the kingdom being integrated into the Almohad Empire.
January 1212: Sharaf al-Din Qaraqush, who engaged in a series of campaigns of conquest in Tripolitania and Ifriqiya in the service of the Ayyubids, was defeated and executed by the Almohads.
January 1213: After the defeat in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, the Almohad power in the Iberian peninsula was greatly weakened and their dominance became purely theoretical, proliferating new taifas that would declare themselves independent.
January 1213: The Taifa of Baeza was a Muslim kingdom that arose in al-Andalus after the defeat of the Almohads at the hands of Christian armies in the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa fought in 1212.
January 1225: After the fall of the Almohad Caliphate, Denia was ruled by the Taifa of Denia.
January 1229: In 1228, the Lorca taifa was reestablished after the fall of the Almoravid dynasty.
January 1229: The Taifa of Murcia becomes independent from the Almohads.
January 1229: The Taifa of Menorca existed from 1228.
January 1230: Málaga became shortly independent in 1229 under Ibn Zannun.
January 1230: The Hafsids were Ifriqiya governors of the Almohads until 1229, when they declared independence.
January 1230: The Hafsids reject the obedience of the Almohads and become masters of Ifriqiya.
January 1230: The Taifa of Valencia becomes independent from the Almohads.
June 1230: In 1230, the Kingdom of Leon, under the rule of King Alfonso IX, conquered the entire region of Extremadura, including the cities of Cáceres and Badajoz. This marked a significant expansion of Leon's territory and influence in the Iberian Peninsula.
January 1231: With the departure of the Almohads, the Nasrid dynasty rose to power in Granada.
January 1233: An independent Moorish kingdom was established in Arjona.
January 1234: The Taifa of Ceuta is created in 1233 when it separated from the taifa of Murcia.
January 1235: The Taifa of Niebla becomes independent from the Almohads.
January 1236: The Zianids declare themselves independent and make Tlemcen their capital. The central Maghreb is detached from the Almohad authority.
January 1236: When the Almohad empire began to fall apart, in 1235, Yaghmurasen declared his independence.
January 1237: The Taifa of Ceuta 1236 it was invaded by the Almohad Empire.
January 1243: The region of Silves passed to the Hafsid Kingdom.
January 1246: The Merinids begin the conquest of northern Morocco where they make Fez their capital.
January 1251: Following the collapse of the Almohad Caliphate, the Taifa of Jerez emerged as an independent enclave.
Disestablishment
January 1270: Marrakech captured by the Merinid Abou Youssef Yacoub and fall of the Almohad Empire.
January 1270: In 1269, the Almohad Caliphate fell to the Kingdom of Aragon during the Reconquista. This marked a significant victory for King James I of Aragon, who led the Christian forces in reclaiming territory from Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula. The Reconquista continued until 1270, with the Kingdom of Aragon making further gains in the region.
January 1270: After the death of the last Almohad caliph, the Emirate of Granada, led by Muhammad II al-Faqih, took control of the former Almohad territories in Iberia in 1269.
January 1270: In 1269, the Almohad Caliphate fell to the Kingdom of Castile during the Reconquista. This marked a significant victory for King Alfonso X of Castile, who continued to push southward, reclaiming territories from Muslim rule until 1270.
Selected Sources
Duby, G. (1991): L'Atlas Historique Mondial, Larousse, p. 259
Expansión peninsular de la Corona de Aragón. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 21 September 2021. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Expansi%C3%B3n_peninsular_de_la_Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n.png
