Great Moravia

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Was a West Slavic polity in central Europe, centered on modern-day Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Establishment

January 831: The exact date of the founding of the Moravian state or empire is disputed. Dušan Třeštík assumes that the Moravian state formation process began around 790 and was completed around 831 under the Moravian prince Mojmir I (around 830-846).

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Frankish Partitions

The Frankish Kingdom was partitioned and reuinited several times as the Frankish rulers used to divide their territories equally among their heirs. This lead also to a number of wars and revolts.

1.1.Partition of the Frankish Empire (Treaty of Verdun)

The Treaty of Verdun, signed in August 843, was the first of the treaties that divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms among the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, who was the son of Charlemagne. The treaty, signed in Verdun-sur-Meuse, ended the three-year Carolingian Civil War.

September 843: The Treaty of Verdun, signed in August 843, divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms among the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, who was the son of Charlemagne. The treaty, signed in Verdun-sur-Meuse, ended the three-year Carolingian Civil War.

2. Hungarian invasions of Europe

The Magyars (or Hungarians) successfully conquered the Carpathian Basin (corresponding to the later Kingdom of Hungary) by the end of the ninth century, and launched a number of plundering raids thoughout Europe.

January 896: The newly unified Hungarians, led by Árpád, settled in the Carpathian Basin starting in 895.

January 896: The Hungarians conquer the eastern parts of the Carpathian Basin after defeating the Bulgarians in Southern Transylvania and Tiszántúl.

January 903: In 902, the Magyars led a campaign against northern Moravia.

February 903: In 902, the Magyars led a campaign against northern Moravia.The territories were left after the raid.

3. Arnulf´s reconquest of Pannonia

Was a military campaing of Arnulf of Carinthia against Great Moravia where he recaptured Lower Pannonia.

January 897: During the succession strife in East Francia, in 884, the area was conquered by Great Moravia in ca. 894. After a few years of peace, Arnulf renewed his wars with Moravia, and recaptured Lower Pannonia. After he claimed the Imperial crown in 896, Arnulf gave Lower Pannonia to another Slavic duke, Braslav, ruler of Pannonian Croatia, as a fiefdom.

4. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

January 834: The Principality of Nitra becomes a vassal of the Great Moravian Empire.

January 847: Expansion of Great Moravia into Bohemia and Poland.

January 871: The Duchy of Bohemia was established c. 870.

January 885: During the War of Succession in the eastern Frankish Empire in 884, the region of Lower Pannonia was conquered by Great Moravia, a powerful Slavic state ruled by Prince Svatopluk I. This expansion of Great Moravia significantly increased their territorial influence in the region.

January 895: After a few years of peace, East Frankish king Arnulf resumed the war against Moravia and reconquered Blatozeria in 894.

Disestablishment

January 908: Dušan Třeštík suspects that the Moravian army was annihilated by the Magyars in 905-906 in a single battle near Nitra, during which Mojmir II also died. As a result of this catastrophe, according to archaeological sources, the Moravian Empire descended into chaos and pagan uprisings. The devastating defeat of the Bavarians at the Battle of Pressburg in 907, during which they tried again to restore the old conditions, meant the final fall of the Moravian Empire.