This article is about the specific polity Kingdom of Aragon and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
Was a medieval kingdom located in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. It formed a dynastic union with the Crown of Castile in 1479, but nominally continued to exist until it was abolished by the Nueva Planta decrees issued by King Philip V in 1716.
Summary
The Kingdom of Aragon emerged as one of the most important Christian kingdoms in medieval Spain. It originated in the 9th century as a small county in the Spanish March, a buffer region established by the Carolingian Empire against the Moors. Over time, Aragon expanded through conquest and dynastic marriages, coming to control an extensive territory that included not just the region of Aragon but also the Catalan counties, the Balearic Islands, and parts of southern France and Italy.
Aragon developed a distinctive political and legal system, with a strong tradition of constitutionalism, checks on royal power, and regional autonomy for territories like Catalonia. The Aragonese monarchy also oversaw a flourishing of Catalan culture, art, and literature. Economically, Aragon prospered as a major commercial and maritime power, with the port of Barcelona serving as a hub for Mediterranean trade.
In the 12th century, Aragon was united with the Kingdom of Castile through the marriage of Ramon Berenguer IV and Petronilla, establishing a personal union between the two crowns. However, Aragon and Castile remained distinct political entities, each with their own governments, laws, and spheres of influence. This union set the stage for the emergence of a unified Spanish monarchy under the Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, in the late 15th century.
Establishment
January 821: Aragon conquered by Kingdom of Aragon.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
The Magyars (or Hungarians) successfully conquered the Carpathian Basin (corresponding to the later Kingdom of Hungary) by the end of the ninth century, and launched a number of plundering raids thoughout Europe.
January 918: Between 917 and 925, the Magyars raided through Basel, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence and the Pyrenees.
February 918: Between 917 and 925, the Magyars raided through Basel, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence and the Pyrenees. The Magyars then left the raided territories.
On his death, Sancho III of Pamplona divided his possessions among his four sons.
January 1036: Sancho III of Pamplona, also known as Sancho the Great, divided his possessions among his four sons upon his death in 1035.
Were a series military campaigns from the 8th century until 1492 by the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula to reconquer the region from the Islamic rulers that had conquered it during the Umayyad conquest of Hispania.
January 1070: Conquests of Ramiro I of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1069.
January 1084: In 1083, the Aragonese took Graus.
January 1094: Between 1087 and 1093, Peter of Aragon took Estada, Monzón and Almenar.
January 1095: Conquests of Sancho Ramirez of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1094.
January 1101: Molina becomes an independent Taifa (Islamic petty kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula).
January 1101: In 1100, Peter, the king of Aragon, captured Barbastro, the second city of the Taifa of Zaragoza, and Sariñena.
January 1102: In 1101, the capture of Pomar de Cinca and Albalate de Cinca brought the Aragonese up to Lérida.
January 1105: Conquests of Pedro I of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1104.
January 1111: Conquest of Juslibol.
January 1111: Conquests of Alfonso I of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1110.
January 1112: The Almoravids under Sir ibn Abi Bakr occupy Lisbon and Santarém and also take Zaragoza.
January 1119: Conquest of Jarque.
January 1119: Conquest of Aliaga.
January 1119: Conquest of Alcala.
January 1119: Conquest of Belchite.
January 1119: Alfonso I of Aragon conquers Zaragoza from the Almoravids.
January 1120: Conquest of Fuentes.
January 1120: Alcaniz is occupied by the Christian troops of Alfonso I of Aragon in 1119.
January 1120: Conquest of Carinena.
January 1120: Conquest of Aliaga.
July 1120: Conquest of Cutanda.
January 1121: Conquest of Daroca.
January 1121: Conquest of Cella.
January 1121: Conquest of Torrelacarcel.
January 1121: Alcaniz was taken back by the Moors.
January 1121: Conquest of Calatayud.
January 1122: Conquest of Cella.
January 1123: Conquests of Alfonso I of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1122.
January 1135: Conquests of Alfonso I of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1134.
January 1149: In 1148, Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona, conquered Tortosa.
January 1170: Conquest of Cantavieja.
January 1170: Conquest of Teruel.
January 1170: Conquest of Valderrobles.
January 1171: Conquest of Cella.
January 1171: Conquest of Teruel.
November 1171: Conquest of Teruel.
January 1172: Conquest of Mora de Rubielos.
January 1173: All of Muslim Iberia was under Almohad rule by 1172.
January 1175: Conquest of Alfambra.
January 1181: Conquest of Olocau del Rey.
January 1182: Conquest of Mosqueruela.
January 1195: Conquest of Chelva.
January 1197: Conquests of Alfonso / Alfonso II of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1196.
January 1211: The Muslim fortress of Al-Dāmūs in Ademuz was conquered by Peter II of Aragon in 1210, with the aid of the hospitalier and templar knights. Peter II of Aragon was the King of Aragon from 1196 until his death in 1213. The hospitalier and templar knights were military orders that played a significant role in the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula.
January 1214: Conquests of Pedro/Pere II of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1213.
January 1215: Conquest of Chelva.
January 1217: Ademuz fell back into Muslim hands.
January 1228: After the death of the ruler Zayyan ibn Mardanish in 1224, Denia came under the control of the Kingdom of Aragon in 1227. This marked the end of the Taifa of Denia, a Muslim-ruled territory in the Iberian Peninsula.
January 1229: James I conquers Mallorca, Jerica and Murviedro-Sagunto.
January 1230: Conquest of Mallorca.
January 1232: Conquest of Menorca (with the exception of the city of Mao).
January 1233: Conquests of Jaime / Jaume I during the Reconquista by 1232.
January 1234: Conquest of Castello de la Piana.
January 1234: Conquest of Peniscola.
January 1234: Conquest of Borriana.
January 1234: Conquest of Vinaros.
September 1235: Conquest of Elvissa.
January 1236: Conquests of Jaime / Jaume I during the Reconquista by 1235.
November 1238: Conquest of Valencia.
January 1239: Taifa of Valencia conquered by Aragon.
January 1239: James I of Aragon conquered Valencia, Albarracín, Alpuente and Tortosa from the Moors.
January 1241: Conquest of Calp.
January 1244: Subjugation of Murcia by the Kingdom of Aragon.
January 1245: Conquest of Gandia.
January 1245: Conquest of Ontinyent.
January 1246: Conquest of Benidorm.
January 1257: Conquest of Alcoi.
January 1270: In 1269, the Almohad Caliphate fell to the Kingdom of Aragon during the Reconquista. This marked a significant victory for King James I of Aragon, who led the Christian forces in reclaiming territory from Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula. The Reconquista continued until 1270, with the Kingdom of Aragon making further gains in the region.
February 1287: Conquest of Maó.
January 1288: Taifa of Menorca conquered by the Crown of Aragon.
3.1.Crusade of Barbastro
A military expedition by the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula, sanctioned by Pope Alexander II, to take the Spanish city of Barbastro form the Muslims.
September 1064: An international expedition, sanctioned by Pope Alexander II, took the Spanish city of Barbastro.
The 1127 Peace of Támara delimited the territorial domains of the Castilian and Aragonese realms.
July 1127: The 1127 Peace of Támara delimited the territorial domains of the Castilian and Aragonese realms, the latter including Pamplona. The lands of Biscay, Álava, Gipuzkoa, Belorado, Soria and San Esteban de Gormaz went back to the Pamplonese kingdom.
Were a series of military campaign by the Crown of Aragon to conquer the island of Sardinia.
June 1323: On the 13 June the Aragonese fleet made landfall at Palmas , in Sulcis, thereby creating the first bridgehead on the island of Sardinia.
January 1324: In December 1323, the King of Aragon, Alfonso IV, led a military campaign from Goceano into the Baronie region, capturing 33 villages including Orosei and Dorgali. This marked the expansion of Aragon's territory in Sardinia.
February 1324: On the 7 February 1324, the city of Villa di Chiesa (now known as Iglesias) in Sardegna surrendered to the Kingdom of Aragon, led by King Alfonso IV of Aragon. This marked the incorporation of Iglesias into the Aragonese territories in Italy.
February 1324: On the 29 February the Aragonese and the Pisan armies engaged in a pitched battle near the present day centre of Elmas […] After the defeat in Lucocisterna the Pisans were forced to accept the surrender and give to the Aragonese their territorial possessions in Sardinia.
August 1420: Overhelmed by the Aragones forces, William II of Arborea reached an agreement with them on 17 August 1420 and what remained of the ancient Giudicato was sold to the Kingdom of Aragon for 100,000 gold florins.
5.1.Sardinian-Aragonese war
Was a late medieval conflict over the control of the island of Sardinia. It saw the Aragonese forces fighting against the Judicate of Arborea and the Republic of Genoa.
October 1353: Mariano's army then occupied the villa of Quartu.
January 1354: At the turn of 1353 the Arborea and the Dorias were masters of almost all of Sardinia, only the cities of Cagliari, Sassari, Villa di Chiesa and some castles remained in the hands of the Aragonese kingdom of Sardinia.
November 1354: The peace of Alghero was signed between Peter IV of Aragon and the Republic of Genoa, ending the conflict over the control of Sardinia. This agreement solidified Aragon's control over the island and marked a significant victory for Peter IV.
January 1366: In 1365, Mariano of Arborea invaded the Aragonese royal territories again, penetrating into the Campidano and Cixerri. He conquered various villages, castles and the mining town of Villa di Chiesa.
January 1370: In 1369, after a brief siege, Sassari and then Osilo were conquered by Arborean forces.
January 1371: In 1370 the Aragonese presence in Sardinia was reduced only to the cities of Cagliari and Alghero and to the castles of San Michele, Gioiosa Guardia, Acquafredda and Quirra.
January 1389: In 1388, Eleonora inherited the throne of Arborea after her husband's death. She signed a peace treaty with the Kingdom of Aragon, agreeing to return all territories previously conquered by her predecessors.
April 1391: On April 1, 1391, Brancaleone Doria (the husband of Eleonora of Arborea) marched against Castel di Cagliari.
August 1391: On August 16, Brancaleone Doria (the husband of Eleonora of Arborea) occupied Sassari and Osilo.
October 1391: In September Brancaleone Doria (the husband of Eleonora of Arborea) conquered the castle of Fava, Pontes, Bonvehì and Pedres, leaving only Alghero and Longosardo to his opponents. He then entered Villa di Chiesa and Sanluri.
February 1392: In a letter written to Sanluri on February 3 1392 Brancaleone Doria (the husband of Eleonora of Arborea) announced that he had retaken all the territories owned in 1388.
September 1406: In the summer of 1406 Brancaleone Doria resumed the offensive against the Aragonese invading many lands of the former Giudicato of Cagliari and Ogliastra, he occupied the castle of Quirra.
July 1409: On July 4 Villa di Chiesa (today Iglesias, Sardinia) surrendered to Aragonese forces.
February 1410: Pietro Torrelles occupied Bosa.
April 1410: The people of Arborea defended themselves strenuously and seven months would pass before Aragonese forces conquered the castles of Monreale, Marmilla and Gioiosa Guardia.
November 1411: By 1411 the Aragonese further expanded their control over Sardinia.
Were a series of conflicts between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France that spanned more than a century (with interruptions) from 1337 to 1453. The immediate causes of the conflicts were the English possessions in France which were at the same time vassals of the French Kingdom, as well as disputed claims to the French throne between the English House of Plantagenet and the French royal House of Valois. At the end of the war Englans lost all its possessions in France with the exception of the city of Calais.
6.1.Castilian Civil War
Was a war of succession over the Crown of Castile that lasted from 1351 to 1369. The conflict became part of the larger conflict then raging between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France: the Hundred Years' War.
March 1327: Aragon annexed several areas of Navarre during the Castilian Civil War.
March 1357: In 1357, Castile penetrated Aragon and conquered Tarazona.
May 1361: The peace of Terrer in 1361 was negotiated between Peter IV of Aragon and Henry II of Castile. It resulted in the return of all occupied regions to the Kingdom of Aragon, marking the end of the conflict between the two kingdoms.
January 1363: In 1362, during the Reconquista, the Castilians, led by King Peter I of Castile, captured the castles of Arize, Atece, Terrer, Moros, Cetina, and Alhama from the Muslim forces in the region.
August 1363: Pedro of Castile then conquered Cariñena, Teruel, Segorbe, Morvedre, Almenara, Xiva, and Bunyol.
September 1363: The Castilians penetrated the Kingdom of Valencia in 1363, and conquered Alicante, Caudete, Elda, Gandia, and other places.
6.1.1.Peace of Almazán
Was the treaty that ended the Castilian Civil War.
January 1370: Castile leaves all occupied territories in Aragon due to a civil war.
January 971: In the 10th century d. C., Andregoto Galindez , Galindo II Aznárez daughter, married the king of Pamplona García Sánchez I . His son Sancho Garcés II, inherited the kingdom of Pamplona and the county of Aragon from his mother in 970, which indicates that Aragonese law already allowed the transmission of the House by women.
June 1043: Ramiro acquired all of Aragon, Ribagorza and Sobrarbe on the sudden death of his brother Gonzalo, forming what would become the Kingdom of Aragon.
June 1065: In 1065, the king of the taifa of Zaragoza, Al-Muqtadir, with the help of the other rulers of al-Andalus, reconquered the city of Barbastro.
January 1070: Conquests of Ramiro I of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1069.
January 1095: Conquests of Sancho Ramirez of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1094.
January 1097: Navrrese forces took the city of Sádaba in 1096.
January 1101: In 1100, Peter, the king of Aragon, captured Barbastro, the second city of the Taifa of Zaragoza, and Sariñena.
January 1106: Conquest of Tauste.
November 1110: Queen Urraca of León married the king of Aragon, but the marriage ended and he occupied a part of Castile.
February 1119: The city of Tudela was taken and incorporated into Pamplona.
January 1120: Conquest of Fuentes.
July 1120: Conquest of Cutanda.
January 1121: Conquest of Torrelacarcel.
January 1121: Conquest of Daroca.
January 1122: Conquest of Monreal del Campo.
January 1123: Conquests of Alfonso I of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1122.
January 1148: Conquest of Alguaire.
January 1149: Count Ramón Berenguer IV of Barcelona acquired Amposta.
January 1149: Conquest of Tortosa.
January 1152: Conquest of Falset.
January 1158: Alcaniz was conquered by count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona in 1157.
January 1159: Alcaniz conquered by Kingdom of Aragon.
January 1163: Alfonso II of Aragon became also count of Barcelona after the death of his father, Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona.
January 1167: The county of Gevaudan was inherited in 1166 by Alfonso II of Aragon.
January 1170: Conquest of Valderrobles.
January 1171: In 1170 the Count of Bigorra Céntulo III declared himself a vassal of Alfonso II of Aragon, who granted him in exchange in 1175 the title of Count of Pallars Sobirá.
January 1172: On the death of Gerard II without heirs in 1172, Roussillon passed, as per prior agreement of the nobles with the count, to Alfonso II of Aragon.
January 1173: On the death of Gerard II without heirs in 1172, Roussillon passed, as per prior agreement of the nobles with the count, to Alfonso II of Aragon.
January 1178: Alfonso VIII of Castile takes Cuenca.
January 1194: Pallars Jussà passed into the hands of King Alfonso II of Aragón in 1193.
January 1197: Alfonso II of Aragon bequeathed the Marquisate of Provence to his second son, Alfonso II of Provence. From that moment, the dynasty of the Counts of Provence, who descended from the King of Aragon Alfonso II, kept the county independent from the Crown.
January 1246: Provence was acquired by Aragon after the death of Ramón Berenguer V of Provence in 1245.
January 1248: Finally, the marriage of Beatriz I of Provenza (great-granddaughter of the King of Aragon Alfonso II) with Count Carlos I of Anjou in 1247 determined the end of the domain of the House of Aragon and the beginning of the link with the Anjou dynasty. This union with the French dynasty allowed the temporary union of the County of Provence with the Kingdom of Naples.
May 1258: With the Treaty of Corbeil, Aragon ceded the County of Gevaudan to France.
May 1258: By the Treaty of Corbeil the Occitan Fenolleda passed to the French crown.
January 1270: In 1269, the Almohad Caliphate fell to the Kingdom of Aragon during the Reconquista. This marked a significant victory for King James I of Aragon, who led the Christian forces in reclaiming territory from Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula. The Reconquista continued until 1270, with the Kingdom of Aragon making further gains in the region.
January 1270: In 1269, the Almohad Caliphate fell to the Kingdom of Castile during the Reconquista. This marked a significant victory for King Alfonso X of Castile, who continued to push southward, reclaiming territories from Muslim rule until 1270.
January 1277: Conquests of Jaime / Jaume I during the Reconquista by 1276.
January 1286: Conquests of Pedro / Pere III of Aragon during the Reconquista by 1285.
January 1290: Conquest of Elx.
January 1292: Conquests of Alfonso / Alfonso III of Aragon during the Reconquista.
January 1297: Conquest of Crevillent.
January 1301: Conquest of Lorca.
May 1305: The Treaty of Elche was an agreement signed between the representatives of the kings Fernando IV of Castile and Jaime II of Aragon in the city of Elche , on May 19 , 1305 . In this agreement the division of the kingdom of Murcia was finalized.
January 1324: Upon hearing the news of the Aragonese intervention, the bourgeoisie of Sassari approached the royal family of Aragon, presenting in 1323 its own delegation to the court of the infante Alfonso and offering to be part of the nascent Kingdom of Sardinia.
January 1334: The castle of Galtellì did not recognize the authority of the king of Aragon and the castle withstood a siege. The castle passed under the dominion of the Aragonese only in 1333.
January 1479: In 1469, Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon were married, uniting the crowns of their respective kingdoms. This union eventually led to the formation of the powerful Spanish Empire.
Disestablishment
January 1479: In 1469, Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon were married, uniting the crowns of their respective kingdoms. This union eventually led to the formation of the powerful Spanish Empire.
Selected Sources
Expansión peninsular de la Corona de Aragón. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 21 September 2021. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Expansi%C3%B3n_peninsular_de_la_Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n.png
Sugar, P. F. / Hanák, P. (1994): A History of Hungary, Bloomington (USA), p. 13
Kingdom of Aragon
