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Was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an interregnum between 690 and 705. The Tang Dynasty succeded the Sui Dynasty. With the fall of the Tang dynasty, another era of political fragmentation of China started: the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
Establishment
June 618: In winter 617, Li Yuan occupied Chang'an, relegated Emperor Yang to the position of Taishang Huang or retired emperor, and acted as regent to the puppet child-emperor, Yang You. On the news of Emperor Yang's murder by General Yuwen Huaji on June 18, 618, Li Yuan declared himself the emperor of a new dynasty, the Tang.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
A unity war against the armed separatist regimes established in various parts of the Central Plains in the late Sui Dynasty after the establishment of the Tang Dynasty.
Military campaigns of Chinese Tang emperor Tai Zong.
February 624: In 624, the Tang Dynasty gained control of the Gansu Region after defeating the Tuyuhun people led by Chai Shao. The Tuyuhun were a group of mixed Xianbei and Qiang descent from Qinghai Province.
January 628: Expansion of the Tang by 627 AD.
January 631: Eastern Turkic Khaganate conquered by Tang Dynasty. Only the part that became the Anbey Protectorate was annexed.
January 636: Expansion of the Tang Dynasty by 635 AD.
September 640: Hou Junji was a general of the Tang Dynasty, known for his military campaigns in the Western Regions. Gaochang was a kingdom located in present-day Xinjiang, China. The establishment of Xi Prefecture in place of Gaochang solidified Tang control over the region in 640.
January 641: Expansion of the Tang Dynasty by 640 AD.
January 641: The Protectorate General to Pacify the West (Anxi Grand Protectorate), initially the Protectorate to Pacify the West (Anxi Protectorate), was established by the Tang dynasty in 640 to control the Tarim Basin.
January 646: Tang forces reconquered the Anbey protectorate.
January 647: In 647, the Tang Dynasty expanded its territory by annexing the Anbei Protectorate, which was previously under the rule of the Xuyantuo Khanate. This conquest was part of the Tang Dynasty's efforts to consolidate its power and control over the region.
January 648: Establishment of the Chanyu Protectorate by the Tang.
January 648: Expansion of the Tang Dynasty by 647 AD.
September 648: The Xueyantuo Khanate was destroyed by the Tang.
January 649: Expansion of the Tang Dynasty by 648 AD.
2.1.First conflict of the Goguryeo-Tang War
Was the first stage of the Goguryeo-Tang War.
Were a series of military campaigns conducted by the Tang dynasty against the Western Turkic Khaganate in the 7th century AD.
3.1.Campaigns against the Tarim Basin oasis states
Were a series of campaigns by Tang China against the petty kingdoms of the Tarim Basin.
January 633: In 632, Karasahr submitted to the Tang as a tributary state, as the nearby kingdoms of Kashgar and Khotan did.
January 645: With the success of all three missions, the advance into Armenia came to an end with the death of Umar in November 644.
3.2.Campaign against the Western Turks
Was a Tang China military campaign in the Western Regions, now modern Xinjiang, which brought the region into the Tang Empire.
January 658: Ashina Helu defeated and captured. The victory strengthened Tang control of the Western Regions, now modern Xinjiang, and brought the regions formerly ruled by the Khaganate into the Tang empire.
Were the conquests by Tibetan emperor Songtsen Gampo that resulted in Tibet reaching approximately its largest extent.
January 637: In 635-36, the Tibetan Emperor Songtsen Gampo attacked and defeated the Tuyuhun tribe, led by Murong Nuohebo, who controlled trade routes into China from the region around Lake Koko Nur. This victory expanded the Tibetan Empire's territory.
January 637: In 636, the Chinese region of Songzhou, led by General Xue Rengui, faced off against the Tibetan Empire. Tibetan sources claim the Chinese army had 100,000 soldiers, while the Chinese reported over 200,000 men. Ultimately, Songzhou fell to the Tibetan Empire.
Were the many wars fought by the Chinese Tang Empire and the Tibetan Empire.
5.1.1st war with Tibet
Was the first war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
February 639: Emperor Taizong of Tang was a prominent ruler of the Tang Dynasty in China, known for his military conquests and diplomatic skills. Songtsen Gampo was the Tibetan emperor who sought a marriage alliance with the Tang Dynasty. The attack on Songzhou in 639 was a result of the refusal of the marriage alliance by Emperor Taizong.
5.2.2nd war with Tibet
Was the second war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 660: In 659, the Tibetan Empire, under the leadership of Su Dingfang, sent 80,000 soldiers to attack the Heyuan River in modern Qinghai Province. However, they were surprisingly defeated by only 1,000 troops led by Su Dingfang.
February 660: In 659, the Tibetan Empire, led by Songtsen Gampo, sent 80,000 soldiers to attack Heyuan River in Qinghai Province. They were defeated by only 1,000 troops under the command of Tang Dynasty general Su Dingfang in 660. This victory solidified Tang control over the region.
January 661: The Tibetans, led by King Songtsen Gampo, returned in 660 to attack Shule Kingdom, a powerful oasis state along the Silk Road. This marked the beginning of Tibetan expansion into Central Asia.
February 661: The Tibetans, led by King Songtsen Gampo, returned in 661 to attack Shule Kingdom, which was then under the rule of the Tang Dynasty. This conflict was part of the ongoing power struggles and territorial disputes in the region during this time.
January 664: In 663 the Tibetan Empire conquered Tuyuhun.
5.3.3d war with Tibet
Was the third war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 668: The Tibetans annexed the former territory of the Tuyuhun, conquered Qiuci, .
January 674: The Tang force to the Western Regions retook Shule in the middle of 673 and reverted the Kingdom of Khotan and Qiuci to Tang suzerainty.
5.4.Battle of Dafei River
Was a war fought in mid-670 between the forces of the Tang dynasty and the Tibetan Empire, for control over the Tarim Basin.
January 671: In 670 the Tibetan Empire routed a Tang army at the Battle of Dafei River and attacked Gumo as well as captured Qiuci.
January 671: Shule Kingdom conquered by Tibet.
January 671: The Tibetans gained control over all of the Chinese Four Garrisons of Anxi in the Tarim Basin in 670 and held them until 692, when the Chinese finally managed to regain these territories.
January 674: Qiuci was a kingdom located in the Western Regions of China. The Tang Dynasty, under the rule of Emperor Gaozong, captured Qiuci in 673, expanding their control over the region and establishing dominance in the area.
5.5.4th war with Tibet
Was the fourth war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 677: In 676, the Tibetan Empire attacked Diezhou, Fuzhou, and Jingzhou. Fengtian and Wugong were sacked.
February 677: The Tibetan army leaves Diezhou, Fuzhou, and Jingzhou, as well as Fengtian and Wugong.
January 678: In 677, the Tibetans captured Qiuci.
January 679: In 678, the Tibetans defeated a Tang army in the Qinghai region.
January 680: Their advances were reversed in 679 when Pei Xingjian defeated them and re-established control over the Western Regions.
January 681: In 680, the Tibetan Empire, led by King Trisong Detsen, captured the Anrong fortress in Sichuan. This marked a significant victory for the Tibetans in their expansion efforts in the region.
5.6.5th war with Tibet
Was the fifth war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 687: After the Tang dynasty they abandoned the Western Regions in 686 due to excessive military expenditures and the Tibetan Empire took control of them.
5.7.7th war with Tibet
Was the seventh war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 711: In 710, Zhang Xuanbiao, a general of the Tang Dynasty, invaded northeastern Tibet. This marked the expansion of Tang Dynasty's territory into the region, leading to increased influence and control over the area.
February 711: In 710, the Chinese general Zhang Xuanbiao invaded northeastern Tibet, which was under the rule of the Tibetan Empire. Zhang Xuanbiao was a military leader during the Tang Dynasty, while the Tibetan Empire was a powerful state in Central Asia during that time.
5.8.8th war with Tibet
Was the eigth war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 715: In 714, the Tibetan Empire, under the rule of Emperor Trisong Detsen, launched a military campaign and successfully captured the territories of Lintao, Weiyuan, Lanzhou, and Weizhou. This expansion marked the Tibetan Empire's growing power and influence in the region.
February 715: In 714, the Tibetan Empire, led by Emperor Trisong Detsen, launched an attack on the territories of Lintao, Weiyuan, Lanzhou, and Weizhou. The following year, in 715, these territories were conquered by the Tang Dynasty.
January 718: In 717, the Tibetan Empire, under the rule of King Tridu Songtsen, allied with the Arabs and Turgesh to attack Gumo and the Stone City.
February 718: The Tang Dynasty eventually reconquered Gumo and the Stone City.
5.9.9th war with Tibet
Was the ninth war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 721: In 720, the Tibetan Empire seized the Stone City.
5.10.10th war with Tibet
Was the tenth war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 727: In 726, Stag sgra khon lod, a prominent military leader of the Tibetan Empire, launched an attack on Ganzhou, a strategic territory at the time. This event marked a significant military campaign in the region during that period.
February 727: In 726, Stag sgra khon lod, also known as Trisong Detsen, the Tibetan Emperor, attacked Ganzhou. The territory was eventually conquered by the Tang Dynasty in 727.
January 728: In 727, Tibetan generals Stag sgra khon lod and Cog ro Manporje, along with the Turgesh tribe, launched an attack on the territories of Qiuci and Guazhou
February 728: Tibetan forces leave Qiuci and Ganzhou.
January 729: In 728, the Tibetan Empire, led by King Trisong Detsen, launched another attack on Qiuci, a kingdom located in present-day Xinjiang, China. Qiuci was a strategic region along the Silk Road, making it a valuable target for the Tibetan Empire's expansion efforts.
February 729: In 728, the Tang Dynasty, led by Emperor Xuanzong, launched another attack on Qiuci, a kingdom located in the Western Regions of China. Qiuci was eventually conquered by the Tang Dynasty in 729, further expanding their territory in the region.
5.11.11th war with Tibet
Was the eleventh war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
February 739: In 739, the Tibetan Empire took control of Mao County from the Tang Dynasty. The Tang had briefly captured Anrong in 738, but it was quickly recaptured by the Tibetans. This marked a period of conflict between the two powers in the region.
January 741: In 740, the Tang captured Anrong again.
February 742: In 741, the Tibetans invaded the Qinghai region but were repelled. They sacked the Stone City on their way home.
January 743: In 742, Tang Dynasty generals Huangfu Weiming of Longyou and Wang Chui of Hexi invaded northeastern Tibet. This marked the expansion of Tang Dynasty's influence into the region, leading to the incorporation of northeastern Tibet into the empire.
February 743: In 742, Huangfu Weiming, a military general from Longyou, and Wang Chui, a commander from Hexi, launched an invasion of northeastern Tibet. This event took place during the Tibetan Empire's expansion efforts in the region in 743.
5.12.12th war with Tibet
Was the twelfth war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
February 750: In 749, Longyou defense command under Geshu Han retook the Stone City but suffered heavy casualties.
5.13.14th war with Tibet
Was the fourteenth war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 758: In 757, the Tibetan Empire conquered Shanzhou (Haidong).
5.14.15th war with Tibet
Was the fifteenth war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 765: In 764, the Tibetan Empire, led by their ruler Trisong Detsen, invaded Liangzhou with a 70,000 strong army. However, they were ultimately repulsed by the Chinese general Yan Wu in Jiannan. This event marked a significant conflict between the Tibetan Empire and the Tang Dynasty.
February 765: In 765, Liangzhou was regained by the Tang Dynasty after being invaded by the Tibetan Empire in 764. Yan Wu, a military leader from Jiannan, successfully repulsed the Tibetan forces with his army.
January 766: In 765, the Tibetan Empire, led by King Trisong Detsen, invaded Fengtian with 30,000 troops and Uyghur allies. However, they were twice repulsed by the Tang dynasty general Guo Ziyi, who successfully defended the territory.
February 766: In 766, the Tang Dynasty regained control of Fengtian after Guo Ziyi successfully repulsed the Tibetan Empire's invasion with Uyghur allies. Guo Ziyi was a prominent general and statesman during the Tang Dynasty.
January 767: In 766, the Tibetans conquered Ganzhou and Suzhou.
November 768: In November 763, a Tibetan army 100,000 strong advanced against the Tang capital of Chang'an that was captured by the Tibetans on 18 November.
January 769: The Tibetans invaded the Protectorate General to Pacify the West and conquered Yanqi.
5.15.16th war with Tibet
Was the sixteenth war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 777: In 776, the Tibetan Empire conquered Guazhou.
5.16.17th war with Tibet
Was the seventeenth war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 782: Tang forces reconquered Yizhou from the Tibetans.
5.17.18th war with Tibet
Was the eigthteenth war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 787: In 786, the Tibetan Empire conquered Yanzhou and Xiazhou.
February 787: They destroyed Yanzhou and Xiazhou before retreating.
January 788: In 787 the Tibetan Empire conquered Qiuci.
January 788: In 787, the Tibetans captured Shazhou and Qiuci.
January 791: The majority of sources agree that the last vestiges of the Anxi protectorate and its garrisons were defeated by Tibetan forces by the year 790, ending nearly 150 years of Tang influence in Central Asia.
January 793: In 792, the Tibetans conquered Xizhou and Yutian.
January 793: In 792 the Tibetan Empire conquered Yutian.
5.18.19th war with Tibet
Was the nineteenth war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 797: In 796, the Tibetans attacked Qingzhou.
February 797: In 796, the Tibetans attacked Qingzhou.
5.19.21st war with Tibet
Was the twenty-first war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 804: In 803, the Tang pushed the Tibetan Empire back to Pingliang.
5.20.22nd war with Tibet
Was the twenty-second war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 820: In 819, the Tibetan Empire, ruled by King Ralpacan, attacked Qingzhou, a region under the control of the Tang Dynasty in China.
February 820: Tibetan forces leave Qingzhou.
5.21.23rd war with Tibet
Was the twenty-third war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 822: Tibetan forces started an invasion of Yanzhou.
February 822: In 821, a Tibetan invasion was driven off by the Tang governor of Yanzhou.
5.22.24th war with Tibet
Was the twenty-fourth war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 848: Yumtän Tibetan forces started an invasion of Yanzhou.
February 848: A Tang army defeated the Yumtän Tibetans at Yanzhou.
5.23.25th war with Tibet
Was the twenty-fifth war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 849: Zhang Yichao, a resident of Dunhuang, rebelled and captured Shazhou and Guazhou from the Tibetans.
January 850: In 849, Tibetan commanders and soldiers in eastern Gansu.
5.24.26th war with Tibet
Was the twenty-sixth war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 862: In 861, Zhang Yichao retook Liangzhou, extending the Guiyi Circuit's authority to Xizhou, Guazhou, Ganzhou, Suzhou, Yzhou, Lanzhou, Shanzhou, Hezhou, Minzhou, Liangzhou, and Kuozhou.
5.25.27th war with Tibet
Was the twenty-seventh war between the Tang Dynasty of China and the Tibetan Empire.
January 867: Teh Tang immediately lost Tingzhou and Luntai as well as Xizhou to the Kingdom of Qocho.
Was a war fought in Korea between Baekje and the allied forces of Tang China and Silla between 660 and 663.
April 660: In 660, he sent a Tang army towards Baekje to further relieve Silla.
Was a war between Goguryeo and the Tang dynasty.
March 662: For several months until February 662, when it had to withdraw from the campaign due to the harsh winter conditions and the defeat of its subsidiary force.
7.1.Second conflict of the Goguryeo-Tang War
Was the second stage of the Goguryeo-Tang War. Goguryeo was annexed by Tang China.
January 662: After the conquest of Baekje in 660, the Tang and Silla forces planned to invade Goguryeo. In 661, the Tang forces set off to Goguryeo. As the Tang army advanced with 350,000 troops, Silla was only requested to provide supplies during this expedition. In 662, Yeon Gaesomun defeated General Pang Xiaotai at the Battle of Sasu. The Tang army besieged Pyongyang, Goguryeo's capital.
Was a war between the Korean kingdom of Silla and his allies against the Tang dynasty.
August 670: Silla attacked the Ungjin Commandery in July, 670.
January 675: After the fall of Goguryeo, the Tang Emperor created the office of Protectorate General to Pacify the East and attempted to place the entire Korean Peninsula, including its erstwhile independent ally Silla, under its rule. King Munmu of Silla assembled the Silla army with the armies of the defeated kingdoms Goguryeo and Baekje in a coalition against the Tang army. He had the unenviable challenge of freeing his country and hard-won conquests (particularly the entirety of what was formerly Baekje and some of the southern portions of what was formerly Goguryeo) from Tang domination. To achieve this, Munmu forged alliances with Goguryeo resistance leaders such as Geom Mojam and Anseung, and launched attacks on the Tang forces occupying territories formerly belonging to the conquered kingdoms of Baekje and Goguryeo.
Were the military campaigns by the first three Islamic Caliphates (the Caliphate of Muhammad, the Rashidun Caliphate and the Umayyad Caliphate) that led to the Islamic conquest of most of the Middle East as well as the Iberian Peninsula.
9.1.Muslim conquest of Transoxiana, Ferghana and Khorasan
Were the 7th and 8th century conquests, by Umayyad and Abbasid Arabs, of Transoxiana, the land between the Oxus (Amu Darya) and Jaxartes (Syr Darya) rivers, a part of Central Asia that today includes all or parts of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.
January 716: Umayyad commander Qutayba ibn Muslim conquered the strategic Central Asian cities of Bukhara, Samarkand, Khwarezem and Farghana between 705 and 715 CE, annexing nearly the whole of Transoxiana north of the Iranian plateau and bordering the contemporary Tang dynasty of China.
January 716: The larger part of Transoxiana was conquered by the Umayyad leader Qutayba ibn Muslim in the reign of al-Walid I (r. 705-715).
January 717: The deposed king fled to Kucha (seat of Anxi Protectorate), and sought Chinese intervention. The Tang dynasty sent 10,000 troops under Zhang Xiaosong to Ferghana. He defeated Alutar and the Arab occupation force at Namangan and reinstalled the ikhshid on the throne.
January 717: The deposed king fled to Kucha (seat of Anxi Protectorate) and sought Chinese intervention. The Chinese sent 10,000 troops under Zhang Xiaosong to Ferghana. He defeated Alutar and the Arab occupation force at Namangan and reinstalled Ikhshid on the throne.
In the VIII century Muktapida, an Indian king of the Karkota dynasty of Kashmir, created a short-lived empire covering most of India.
January 741: Karkota ruler Lalitaditya Muktapida conquered extensive territories in India and Central Asia.
January 746: In 745, Gao Xianzhi marched across the Pamirs with 10,000 men and conquered Little Balur (Gilgit), a client state of the Tibetan Empire.
January 761: Karkota ruler Lalitaditya Muktapida conquered extensive territories in India and Central Asia.
Were a series of wars between Tang China and Nanzhao, a Kingdom centred in present-day Yunnan.
11.1.1st war with Nanzhao
Was the first of a series of wars between Tang China and Nanzhao, a kingdom centred in present-day Yunnan.
January 752: In 751, Xianyu Zhongtong, a general of the Tang Dynasty, led an army of 80,000 soldiers to attack the Nanzhao border regions. However, they were defeated by the forces of Nanzhao, a powerful kingdom in present-day Yunnan, China.
February 752: In 751, Tang dynasty general Xianyu Zhongtong led an army of 80,000 to attack the Nanzhao kingdom in the border regions. However, he was decisively defeated in 752, leading to the territory falling under Nanzhao control.
11.2.2nd war with Nanzhao
Was the second of a series of wars between Tang China and Nanzhao, a Kingdom centred in present-day Yunnan.
January 755: In 754, the Tang Dynasty official Yang Guozhong invaded the Nanzhao border regions. He failed to engage with the enemy until supplies ran out, leading to a successful attack by the Nanzhao forces, resulting in their defeat.
February 755: In 754, the Tang dynasty official Yang Guozhong invaded the Nanzhao border regions but was unable to engage with the enemy due to running out of supplies. As a result, they were eventually attacked and defeated by the forces of Nanzhao in 755.
11.3.3rd war with Nanzhao
Was the third of a series of wars between Tang China and Nanzhao, a Kingdom centred in present-day Yunnan.
January 830: In 829, Nanzhao sacked Chengdu.
February 830: End of the sack of Chengdu by the forces of Nanzhao.
11.4.7th war with Nanzhao
Was the seventh of a series of wars between Tang China and Nanzhao, a kingdom centred in present-day Yunnan.
January 870: In 869, the Kingdom of Nanzhao, ruled by King Yimouxun, laid siege to Chengdu, which was under the control of the Tang Dynasty .
February 870: Chengdu successfully defended against the Nanzhao attack and remained under Tang control.
Was an era of disunity in Tibetan history lasting from the death of the Tibetan Empire's last emperor, Langdarma, in 842 until Drogön Chögyal Phagpa became the Imperial Preceptor of the three provinces of Tibet in 1253, under the Yuan dynasty.
January 851: Zhang Yichao took Hami, Ganzhou and Suzhou.
January 852: Khotan becomes independent.
January 867: Tibetans retreat to the Tibetan plateau, leaving the remnant territories of Yumtän to the Tang.
Was a revolt in Henan against the Tang dynasty caused by widespread famine.
January 875: In the early 870s, drought and famine in Henan led to widespread banditry. In 874, the bandits rebelled under Wang Xianzhi in Changyuan, and ravaged the region between the Changjiang and Yellow River.
September 879: The city of Guangzhou is sacked in the summer of 879.
December 880: The Rebels (Huang Chao Rebellion) captured Luoyang on 22 December.
January 881: Chang'an conquered by Rebels (Huang Chao Rebellion).
September 884: After an unsuccessful siege operation and several defeats against imperial forces, Huang Chao was finally hunted down in Shandong and killed in the summer of 884.
January 624: In 623, the Tuyuhun Kingdom, a nomadic group of Xianbei and Qiang descent from Qinghai Province, invaded the Gansu Region. However, they were ultimately defeated by Chai Shao, a military general from the Tang Dynasty.
January 624: The Cham quickly regained independence during the troubles accompanying the collapse of the Sui empire, and sent a gift to the new Tang Empire's ruler in 623.
January 631: In 630, central and northern Mongolia came under the control of the Toquz Oghuz tribe.
January 640: Eastern Turkic Khaganate re-established.
January 643: The Ikhshids were a series of rulers of Soghdia and the Ferghana Valley.
January 649: Territorial losses of the Tang Dynasty by 648 AD.
January 650: In 649, the chieftain of the Mengshe tribe, Xinuluo, founded the Great Meng and took the title of Qijia Wang ("Outstanding King"). He acknowledged Tang suzerainty.
January 651: After the death of Songtsen Gampo in 650 AD, the Chinese Tang dynasty attacked and took control of the Tibetan capital Lhasa.
January 652: Soldiers of the Tang dynasty could not sustain their presence in the hostile environment of the Tibetan Plateau and soon returned to China proper.
January 660: In 659, the Kangar union gained independence from the Turkic Kaganate after the Chinese captured Zhetysu. The Kangars were a nomadic people of Central Asia.
January 661: In 659 Sogdia, Ferghana, Tashkent, Bukhara, Samarkand, Balkh, Herat, Kashmir, the Pamirs, Tokharistan, and Kabul all submitted to the protectorate under Emperor Gaozong of Tang.
January 661: Expansion of the Tang Dynasty by 660 AD.
January 663: Territorial losses of the Tang Dynasty by 662 AD.
January 669: Territorial losses of the Tang Dynasty by 668 AD.
January 669: Expansion of the Tang Dynasty by 668 AD.
January 674: In 673 the Tang consolidated control over the Wuduolu Turks living in the area that came to be known as Dzungaria.
January 680: Expansion of the Tang Dynasty by 679 AD.
January 680: In 679, the Annan Protectorate replaced the Jiaozhou Protectorate.
January 680: Territorial losses of the Tang Dynasty by 669 AD.
January 683: After the annihilation of the First Turk Kaganate by Tang China, the Kaganate arose again in 682, essentially encompassing the areas of the eastern part of the First Turk Kaganate.
October 690: The Wu Zhou was a Chinese dynasty that existed between 690 and 705 AD, when Wu Zetian ruled as Empress Regnant. The dynasty began when Wu Zhao, which was Wu Zetian's personal name, usurped the throne of her son, the Emperor Ruizong of Tang.
February 705: Emperor Zhongzong of Tang was restored to the throne.
January 711: In 710 the Tibetan Empire conquered Lesser Bolü, which included Gilgit (today in Pakistan).
January 712: In 711 the Türk forces, led by Tonyukuk, crossed the Mongolian Altai, clashed with the Türgesh army in Dzungaria, on the River Boluchu, and won an outright victory. Tonyukuk forced a crossing over the Syr Darya in pursuit of the retreating Türgesh, leading his troops to the border of Tokharistan.
January 723: In 722 Tang restored the king of Lesser Bolü to his throne.
January 733: Shanhai Pass annexed to Belhae Kingdom.
January 738: In 737 the Tibetan Empire conquered Lesser Bolü.
January 738: In 737, the Tibetans launched an attack against the king of Bru-za (Gilgit), who asked for Chinese help, but was ultimately forced to pay homage to Tibet.
January 742: Territorial losses of the Tang Dynasty by 741 AD.
January 742: Expansion of the Tang Dynasty by 741 AD.
January 746: In 745, Gao Xianzhi marched across the Pamirs with 10,000 men and conquered Little Balur (Gilgit), a client state of the Tibetan Empire.
January 749: In 748, the Tang recaptured Suiye and destroyed it.
January 750: In 749 Tang recovered the Stone City.
October 751: By the 740s, the Arabs under the Abbasid Caliphate in Khorasan had reestablished a presence in the Ferghana basin and in Sogdiana. At the Battle of Talas in 751, Karluk mercenaries under the Chinese defected, helping the Arab armies of the Caliphate to defeat the Tang force under commander Gao Xianzhi.
February 756: Yan was a state established in 756 by the Tang Dynasty general An Lushan, after he rebelled against the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang in 755.
January 764: Tibetans pressed into the territory of the Tang emperors, reaching the Chinese capital Chang'an (modern Xian) in late 763.
January 764: The state was extinguished in 763, with the death of An Lushan's former subordinate, Shi Siming's son, Shi Chaoyi, who was the last person to claim the title as Yan's emperor.
January 764: In 763 the Tibetan Empire conquered Yanqi.
February 764: In 763 the Tibetan Empire conquered Yanqi.
January 788: Dingnan Jiedushi was a military post known as a jiedushi. They effectively ruled the circuit in de facto independence.
January 794: King Mun was a ruler of the Balhae Kingdom, a state in present-day Northeast China and Korea. He was known for expanding the kingdom's territory, reaching the northern borders in the Amur valley in 793. This expansion marked a significant milestone in the kingdom's history.
January 801: The Tatar Confederation was one of the five major tribal confederations (khanlig) in the Mongolian Plateau in the 12th century. The Tatar confederation was established in the 8th century.
January 821: Territorial losses of the Tang Dynasty by 820 AD.
January 841: The Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate was Turkic empire that existed for about a century between the early 9th and 10th centuries, around the start of the Mongol Empire. It ruled over the Yenisei Kyrgyz people.
January 849: Territorial losses of the Tang Dynasty by 848 AD.
January 849: Expansion of the Tang Dynasty by 848 AD.
January 849: In 848 Zhang Yichao, a resident of Shazhou, led an uprising and captured Shazhou and Guazhou from the Tibetans.
January 850: Expansion of the Tang Dynasty by 849 AD.
January 851: By 850 Guyi ruler Zhang had captured Ganzhou, Suzhou, and Yizhou.
January 852: Expansion of the Tang Dynasty by 851 AD.
January 852: In 851 Zhang captured Xizhou (Gaochang).
January 862: By 861 the Guiyi Circuit had extended its authority to Guazhou, Ganzhou, Suzhou, Yizhou, Lanzhou, Shanzhou, Hezhou, Minzhou, Liangzhou, and Kuozhou.
January 864: Expansion of the Tang Dynasty by 863 AD.
January 867: The Kingdom of Qocho captured Tingzhou and Xizhou as well as Changbaliq and Luntai from the Guiyi Circuit.
January 867: Expansion of the Tang Dynasty by 866 AD.
January 877: In 876, the Kingdom of Qocho, ruled by the Uyghur Khaganate, conquered Yizhou (modern-day Hami). This expansion of territory was part of the Uyghur's efforts to establish dominance in the region during the 9th century.
January 877: In 876 the Kingdom of Qocho seized Yizhou from the Guiyi Circuit, after which it came to be called Kumul.
January 877: The Chiefdom of Bozhou was established in 876 when the first chieftain Yang Duan occupied Bozhou in southwest China.
January 895: In 894 the Uyghurs established the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom in Gan Prefecture.
January 895: The Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom would establish itself in Ganzhou by 894.
January 897: Jin (Later Tang precursor) was an early state of the imperial Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Although the Five Dynasties period began only in 907, Li Keyong's territory which centered around modern Shanxi can be referred to as Jin as early as 896.
January 907: In Liangzhou the Tibetan state of Xiliangfu established itself by 906.
June 907: In 907 the Tang dynasty was ended when Zhu deposed Emperor Ai and took the throne for himself, establishing the Later Liang Dynasty. This inaugurated an era of fragmentation, known as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
Disestablishment
January 907: In Liangzhou the Tibetan state of Xiliangfu established itself by 906.
June 907: In 907 the Tang dynasty was ended when Zhu deposed Emperor Ai and took the throne for himself, establishing the Later Liang Dynasty. This inaugurated an era of fragmentation, known as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
Selected Sources
Schwartzberg, J. E. (1992); A Historical Atlas of South Asia, Chicago (USA), p. 146
唐疆变迁 (Expansion of the Tang Dynasty over time). Wikipedia. Retrieved on 7 April 2024 on https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%94%90%E7%96%86%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81.gif
Tang Dynasty
