Kurpfalz (Military Occupation)

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Polity that includes all territories militarly occupied by the Palatinate that are not part of a specific military territory.

Establishment

May 1609: Forces of Neuburg-Palatinate occupied Jülich and Berg.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. War of the Jülich Succession

Was a war of succession in the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg between Brandenburg and the Palatinate.

September 1610: Siege of Jülich.

1.1.Treaty of Cleve

Was a treaty between Palatinate-Neuburg and Brandenburg that officially paritioned the Duchy of Jülich-Cleves-Mark and ended the War of the Jülich Succession.

September 1666: In 1666 the Treaty of Kleve was ratified, which significantly reduced the conflict between Pfalz-Neuburg and Brandenburg. With this settlement, the Duchy of Kleve and the counties of Mark and Ravensberg fell to the Elector of Brandenburg, Friedrich Wilhelm. The Count Palatine Philipp Wilhelm received the duchies of Jülich and Berg as well as the small Flemish dominions of Wijnendale west of Ghent and Breskesand on the extreme southwestern Scheldt island.

2. European wars of religion

Were a series of wars in Europe (and the overseas possessions of European countries) the 16th, 17th and early 18th that started after the Protestant Reformation. Although the immediate causes of the wars were religious, the motives were complex and also included territorial ambitions.

2.1.Thirty Years' War

Was a war that took place mainly in central Europe between 1618 and 1648. The war began as a religious conflict between Catholics and Protestant in the Holy Roman Empire but then escalated into a conflict for the hegemony in Europe between Habsburg Spain and Austria, Sweden and France.

2.1.1.Bohemian-Palatine period

Was the first period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with a protestant revolt in Bohemia, at the time a territory of the Habsburg Domains.

2.1.1.1.War in Palatinate

Was the theatre of war in Palatinate during the first phase of the Thirty Years' War.

December 1621: German Protestant military leader Christian of Brunswick takes Amöneburg, not far from Mainz.

January 1622: German Protestant military leader Christian of Brunswick captures Lippstadt.

January 1622: Christian of Brunswick captures Soest.

September 1622: From the summer of 1622, the territories of the Palatinate on the right bank of the Rhine were occupied by the troops of the Catholc League. Frederick V of the Palatinate eventually lost his electoral dignity on February 23, 1623, which was transferred to Maximilian of Bavaria.

2.1.2.Swedish Period

Was the third main period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with the intervention of the Kingdom of Sweden.

December 1632: Swedes under Wolf Heinrich von Baudissin take Deutz.

2.2.Düsseldorf Cow War

Was a military conflict over the status of church property in the duchies Jülich and Berg between the Palatinate and the Margraviate of Brandenburg.

July 1651: In June 1651, 3,800 Brandenburg troops led by Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invaded Berg, which was ruled by Wolfgang Wilhelm, Duke of Berg. The invasion resulted in the death of two civilians, the bombardment of Wolfgang Wilhelm's palace, and the seizure of his wife's cows. The Brandenburg troops then established an encampment at Angermund as part of Prussia's military occupation of the territory.

November 1651: In 1651, during the Thirty Years' War, Neuburg and Brandenburg, led by Wolfgang Wilhelm, Duke of Neuburg, and Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, respectively, disbanded their troops in the occupied regions, which then came under military occupation by Kurpfalz.