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The cluster includes all the countries established by the Burgundians during Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Kingdom of the Burgundians in Rhineland
Kingdom of the Burgundians (Foederati)
Kingdom of the Burgundians
Burgundy (Rudolph)
Kingdom of Burgundy
Establishment
January 412: In 411, the Burgundian king Gundahar set up a puppet Roman emperor, Jovinus, in cooperation with Goar, king of the Alans. With the authority of the Gallic emperor that he controlled, Gundahar settled on the left (Roman) bank of the Rhine, between the river Lauter and the Nahe, seizing Worms, Speyer, and Strassburg. Apparently as part of a truce, the Emperor Honorius later officially "granted" them the land.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
In 411, the Burgundians settled on the left (Roman) bank of the Rhine, between the river Lauter and the Nahe, seizing Worms, Speyer, and Strassburg.
The Roman province of Gallia Belgica was occupied by Germanic tribes.
January 421: The Franks, together with the Burgundians and the Alemanni, settled in the area around the Rhine.
The Romans allowed the Burgundians to establish themsleves in the region of Sapaudia.
January 444: Once the Vandal threat was contained, Roman general Flavius Aetius was then able to turn his attention to the north, where he allowed the surviving Burgundians to settle within the limes between the rivers Saone and Rhone, in the region called Sapaudia, founding a new allied Burgundian kingdom that could control the growing menace of the Huns (443).
Were a series of conflicts that saw the Huns, an invading tribe probably from Central Asia, fighting against the Romans as well as the Germanic tribes of Europe.
4.1.Hunnic Invasion of Gallia
Invasion of Gaul by the Huns under king Attila.
January 452: Honoria, the sister of Roman Emperor Valentinian III, sent a plea for help to Attila, King of the Huns, along with her ring. Attila interpreted this as an offer of marriage, and he claimed half of the Western Roman Empire as her dowry. Subsequently, the Huns invaded northern Gaul, where they occupied several major European cities, including Reims, Strasbourg, Trier, and Cologne.
February 452: Attila was defeated by Roman General Flavius Aetius in the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains. The Huns left the Roman territories they had occupied in Gaul and central Europe.
4.2.Germanic-Hunnic Wars
Was the conflict between the Germanic Tribes of central and eastern Europe against the Huns.
4.2.1.Battle of Nedao
The Battle of Nedao was a battle fought in Pannonia in 454 CE between the Huns and their former Germanic vassals. It was decisive Germanic victory.
January 455: The Battle of Nedao was a battle fought in Pannonia in 454 between Huns and their former vassals. Nedao is believed to be a tributary of Sava river. Hunnic dominance in Central and Eastern Europe was broken as a result of the battle.
The Burgundians expanded their Kingdom southwards.
November 456: In 456, upon the death of the emperor of Gallic origin Avitus, the Burgundians took advantage of the imperial weakness to expand southwards, even reaching the point of taking Lyon, which opened the gates to the invaders.
November 458: With the help of his new foederati, Majorian then penetrated the Rhone valley, conquering it both by force and diplomacy: in fact he defeated the Burgundians and retook Lyon after a siege, condemning the city to pay a large war indemnity.
Western Roman Emoperor Majorian was assassinated and overthrown by Ricimer.
September 461: When Western Roman emperor Majorian was killed on the orders of Ricimer in 461, general Aegidius maintained his own rule in the remnants of Roman Gaul that came to be known as the Domain or Kingdom of Soissons.
September 461: After Roman emperor Majorian's withdrawal from Spain, no other Roman official is attested in the sources in the Iberian Peninsula, making it clear that after 460 Spain was no longer part of the Empire. The Visigoths and the Bugundi took back the territories lost in 458.
After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476, Burgundian King Gundobad conquered parts of Gaul.
September 476: After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476, King Gundobad allied with the mighty Frankish king Clovis I against the threat of Ostrogoth Theoderic the Great. He was thereby able to secure the Burgundian acquisitions, and compiling the Lex Burgundionum, an Ancient Germanic law code. Later, when Rome was no longer able to afford protection to the inhabitants of Gaul, the Sequani became merged in the newly formed Kingdom of Burgundy.
In 476, the Germanic barbarian king Odoacer deposed the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire in Italy, Romulus Augustulus, and the Senate sent the imperial insignia to the Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno.
January 487: With the end of the Western Roman Empire, the Kingdom of the Burgundians became completely independent.
Was a military campaing by Ostrogothic King Theodoric the Great against Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy.
November 489: Burgundian king Gundobald decided to take advantage of the divisions in Italy to carry out raids in Liguria.
December 489: The Burgundians left Ligurai after a raid.
Were a series of wars between the Franks and the Visigoths during the reign of Frankish King Clovis I.
10.1.Second Franco-Visigothic war (507-508)
Was the first war of Frankish king Clovis against the Kingdom of the Visigoths.
10.1.1.Battle of Vouillé
Was fought in the northern marches of Visigothic territory, at Vouillé, near Poitiers (Gaul), in the spring of 507 between the Franks, commanded by Clovis, and the Visigoths, commanded by Alaric II.
January 508: The new king of the Visigoths is tentatively accepted by his nobles, but is unable to hold Narbonne against the Burgundians.
Was a military campaign in southern Gaul by the king of the Ostrogoths Theodoric the Great.
January 510: Theoderic's generals campaigned in Gaul, and were successful in extending Ostrogothic rule into southern Gaul at the expense of the Burgundians.
Were a series of Frankish military expeditions against the Kingdom of the Burgundians that was finally conquered.
12.1.First Frankish Invasion of Burgundy
The Frankish Sub-Kings joined forces in an expedition against the Burgundians.
January 524: In 523, at the instigation of their mother Clotilde, Chlothar, Childebert, and Chlodomer joined forces in an expedition against the Burgundians. The Burgundian army was defeated, and their king, Sigismund, was captured and executed.
February 524: In 523, at the instigation of their mother, Clotilde, Chlothar, Childebert, and Chlodomer joined forces in an expedition against the Burgundians. The Burgundian army was defeated, and Sigismund was captured and executed. Sigismund's brother Godomar replaced him on the throne, with the support of the aristocracy, and the Franks were forced to leave.
12.2.Second Frankish Invasion of Burgundy
A second military campaign of the Frankish kings against the Burgundian Kingdom.
January 525: In 524 Chlothar and his brothers, including Theuderic, began a new campaign, advancing to the Isère Valley. But on 25 June 524, they suffered a serious defeat at the Battle of Vézeronce, and Chlodomer was killed. The Franks left Burgundy, and Godomar resumed his rule until 534.
February 525: In 524 Chlothar and his brothers, including Theuderic, began a new campaign, advancing to the Isère Valley. But on 25 June 524, they suffered a serious defeat at the Battle of Vézeronce, and Chlodomer was killed. The Franks left Burgundy, and Godomar resumed his rule until 534.
12.3.Conquest of Burgundy
The Burgundian kingdom was invaded and divided between the Frankish rulers.
The Frankish Kingdom was partitioned and reuinited several times as the Frankish rulers used to divide their territories equally among their heirs. This lead also to a number of wars and revolts.
13.1.Partition of the Frankish realm after the death of Charles the Fat
After the Death of Charles the fat, Oddo was proclamated King of West francia.
January 888: When Emperor Charles the Fat died in 888, after having been deposed the year before, Rudolf managed to get himself elected king of all Transjurana Burgundy.
13.2.Burgundian annexion of Basel
Charles the Simple, the West Frankish Emperor, invaded Burgundy.
January 912: In 911, taking advantage of the struggle between the king of the eastern Franks or of Germany, Conrad I of Franconia and that of the western Franks or of France, Charles the Simple, Rudolf took the city of Basel away from Conrad.
13.3.Burgundian Annexion of Argovia and Turgovia
During the election of the East Frankish Emperor, the King of Burgundy annexed territories in modern-day Switzerland.
January 920: In 919, after the death of Conrad I of Germany, the Magyars raided Saxony, Lotharingia and West France.
13.4.Burgundian Annexion of Italy
The King of Burgundy invaded the Kingdom of Italy.
March 922: The period of peace ended in 922, when there was a conspiracy of the greats of the kingdom, including the Marquis of Ivrea, aimed at bringing the King of Burgundy Rudolph to the Italian throne. He went down to Italy, had himself elected King in Pavia and faced Berengario's army at Fiorenzuola d'Arda (or at Fidenza). Berengario was defeated (he miraculously escaped death, hidden under a shield covered with corpses) and had to acknowledge his adversary's royal title. He returned to Verona, brooding his revenge. The opportunity was offered to him when Rodolfo had to return to Burgundy to stop the designs of Duke Burcardo of Swabia on his possessions. He launched a mercenary army of 5,000 Hungarians towards Pavia, who besieged the city. Just during the siege, the launch of flaming projectiles unleashed a fire that completely destroyed the eastern part of the city (the Faramannia), including the Palazzo Regio, and part of the western one; caught between the fire and the pagans, the Pavesi paid an immense price in human lives. The fire of Pavia represented a horrible chapter in the history of those years, and from the outset the responsibility for the events was attributed to Berengario, who had unleashed the Hungarians against the population of the kingdom: for this reason some Veronesi, led by the sculdascio Flamberto, planned a plot against Berengario, who was killed in Verona in 924, pierced from behind while praying during mass.
13.5.Incoronation of Otto I
East Frankish King Otto I was crowned first Holy Roman Emperor.
February 962: Count Aubry of Mâcon bought the Lordship of Salins in 942, whose importance at the time was based primarily on its convenient location between France, Germany and Italy.
February 962: Swabia was one of the Stem Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire.
February 962: In 958, the Landgraviate of Nellenburg was first mentioned as a branch of the Eberhardinger family.
February 962: Genf County was established in the IX Century.
February 962: The county of Viviers with the main town of Viviers on the Rhône already existed in Carolingian times.
Was the invasion of Lotharingia by Burgundian king Rudolph I.
January 889: Rudolph I of Burgundy, who was supported by the Alsatian and Lorraine nobles, invaded the Kingdom of Lotharingia (an area that at the time referred to the low countries, the border areas of modern-day Germany and France as well as most of Switzerland), occupying Alsace and most of Lorraine. He was then crowned king of Lotharingia, by the bishop of Toul.
February 889: The new king of East Francia (Germany), Arnulf of Carinthia, compelled Rudolph of Burgundy to accept the title of King of Transjuran Burgundy, which also included the diocese of Besançon. Additionally, Rudolph was forced to renounce any claims to Alsace and Lorraine.
The Magyars (or Hungarians) successfully conquered the Carpathian Basin (corresponding to the later Kingdom of Hungary) by the end of the ninth century, and launched a number of plundering raids thoughout Europe.
January 918: Between 917 and 925, the Magyars raided through Basel, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence and the Pyrenees.
February 918: Between 917 and 925, the Magyars raided through Basel, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence and the Pyrenees. The Magyars then left the raided territories.
February 920: End of the 919 Magyar raid in Saxony, Lotharingia and West France.
January 927: In 926, the Hungarians ravaged Swabia and Alsace, campaigned through present-day Luxembourg and reached as far as the Atlantic Ocean.
February 927: In 926, the Hungarians ravaged Swabia and Alsace, campaigned through present-day Luxembourg and reached as far as the Atlantic Ocean. After the raid, the Magyars left the occupied territories.
January 936: Magyar attacks against Upper Burgundy (in 935).
February 936: Magyar attacks against Upper Burgundy (in 935). The territories were left after the raid.
January 938: In 937, the Hungarians raided France as far west as Reims, Lotharingia, Swabia, Franconia, the Duchy of Burgundy and Italy as far as Otranto in the south.
February 938: In 937, the Hungarians raided France as far west as Reims, Lotharingia, Swabia, Franconia, the Duchy of Burgundy and Italy as far as Otranto in the south. After the ride they left these territories.
The merger of the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Burgundy under King Rudolf II led to the establishement of the Kingdom of Arles.
January 934: After the reverses suffered by Hugh, in recent years, the Italian nobles went to Burgundy to recall King Rudolf in Italy but, having learned of it, Hugh of Arles sent his messengers to offer the King of Burgundy, Rudolf II, all the territories he had governed in Provence, on the condition that Rudolph never set foot again in Italy. Rudolf accepted and thus, in that year, the kingdom of Arles or the two Burgundies originated from the union of Transjurana Burgundy and Provence.
Expansion during the rule of Humbert I in the County of Savoy.
January 1004: Foundation of the Savoy State.
January 1035: In 1034, the Aosta Region was conquered by the County of Savoy, under the leadership of Count Humbert I.
January 1044: Conquests of Savoy until 1044.
July 926: In the same year, however, while Rodolfo was in Burgundy, northern Italy was attacked by the Hungarians, who devastated Lombardy and burned Pavia. Then Adalbert I's widow and Hugh's half-sister, Ermengarda, joined her brother, Guido of Tuscany and the archbishop of Milan, Lamperto, and they rebelled against Rodolfo. After Rudolf had definitively left Italy, the nobles who had rebelled against him, in agreement with the nobility who had supported Berengar, offered the throne to Hugh, Marquis of Provence, who accepted it and after having landed near Pisa , on 6 July 926 he was crowned in Pavia.
January 941: In 940, the Andalusis, led by the Saracen pirate chief Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri, occupied and colonized Toulon, establishing the Muslim stronghold of Fraxinetum in the region.
January 943: In 942, the Andalusi settlement at Nice and Grenoble was established by the Saracens from Fraxinetum, led by their leader, Yusuf al-Kalus.
January 951: The County of Provence, not to be confused with the Marquisate of Provence, was a large sovereign and independent county within the Holy Roman Empire, which arose in the mid-10th century as a fief of the kingdom of Arles.
January 973: Thea area of Schwyz is acquired by the Landgraviate of Lenzburg.
January 1000: c.999 Sitten acquired the region of Valais.
January 1001: During the Middle Ages, starting around the 10th century, Faucigny became an independent baronial lordship.
January 1001: The County of Pfirt with the main town of Pfirt (French: Ferrette) in Alsace was created in the 11th century from the lordship of Hohenpfirt Castle.
January 1001: Around 1000, the area of Ticino ended up in the hands of the Milanese.
January 1033: Establishment of the Prince-Bishopric of Basel.
January 1033: The initially relatively small town of Lausanne belonged to the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy from 888 to 1032. During the 11th century, Lausanne developed into a political, economic and religious center. The city became the center of the secular rule of the bishops.
January 1033: The first documented mention (Loupa) of Laupen dates back to 1032.
January 1035: The dynasty of Ulrich count of Fenis (Hasenburg) took over the town of Neuchâtel and its territories in 1034, establishing Neuenburg County.
January 1071: Amidst the chaos of feudal rule, the Counts of Albon began to rise above other feudal lords and acquire dominance over the region. Their story begins with Guigues I the Old (died 1070), Lord of Annonay and Champsaur.
January 1081: The bishop of Basel enfeoffed the Count of Frohburg in Buchsgau.
January 1097: The lords of Cossonay were a noble family from Vaud. In a deed of donation to the Romainmôtier monastery from 1096, Ulrich is mentioned for the first time as a representative.
January 1098: Conquests of Savoy until 1098.
January 1101: In the 12th century, the Zähringers gained a significant position of power in what is now south-west Germany and what is now Switzerland, without actually being able to form a coherent or well-founded duchy in the sense of a unified dominion.
January 1101: In the 11th century, Lyon regained greater supra-regional importance when the Catholic Church gave the city the main seat over Gaul (Primacy of the Gaules), which it still has today.
January 1101: The Unspunnen castle probably existed as a round tower since the early 12th century.
January 1101: Wilhelm I, who was born in the second half of the 11th century, is documented as the first Count of Gruyeres. Around 1100 he took part in the Crusades along with many young men from Gruyères.
January 1129: Conquests of Savoy until 1129.
January 1147: Signau is first mentioned between 1130 and 1146 as Sigenowo.
January 1155: Establishment of the Geneva Bishopric.
January 1164: The Orange Principality was constituted in 1163, when Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I elevated the Burgundian County of Orange (consisting of the city of Orange and the land surrounding it) to a sovereign principality within the Empire.
January 1170: Barbarossa separated an area from the rest of Burgundy in 1169 and made it a county palatine.
January 1176: Little can be reported from the first known century of Weissenburg rule. It is perhaps worth mentioning that the Schübelmatt document from 1175 shows a number of Burgundian nobles in the entourage of Berthold IV von Zähringen. The Lords of Weissenburg are also mentioned for the first time.
January 1179: In 1178 Lucerne gained its independence from the jurisdiction of the Murbach Abbey, and most probably the foundation of the city took place in the same year.
January 1181: The Zähringers acquire new possessions in Solothurn.
January 1201: Tellenburg is the ruins of a hilltop castle from the 12th century above the municipality of Frutigen in the canton of Bern.
January 1201: Sumiswald becomes an independent domain.
January 1201: Expansion of the Hababsurg possessions in central Switzerland.
Disestablishment
January 1221: Based on Gustav Droysen's Holy Roman Empire Map at the time of the Hohenstaufen dynasty.
Selected Sources
Droysen, G. (1886): Historischer Handatlas, Bielefeld and Leipzig (Germany)
Droysen, G. (1886): Historischer Handatlas, Bielefeld and Leipzig (Germany), pp. 26-27
Leyser, K. (1982): Medieval Germany and its neighbours, 900-1250, London (UK), p. 50
Reuter, T. (1995): The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 900-c. 1024, Cambridge (UK), p. 543
Reuter, T. (1995): The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 900-c. 1024, Cambridge University Press, p. 543
Sugar, P. F. / Hanák, P. (1994): A History of Hungary, Bloomington (USA), p. 13
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