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Polity that includes all territories militarly occupied by England that are not part of a specific military territory.
Establishment
September 1339: As Cambrai was an ally of the king of France, on 20 September king Edward's army marched into the bishopric.
October 1339: The army of English king Edward left Cambrai to advance into France proper.
October 1339: In 1339, during the Hundred Years' War, King Edward III of England advanced towards the French army in the 14-mile strip of French land around the bishopric of Cambrai. The territory was eventually occupied by England, leading to further plundering of the area by Edward's forces.
October 1339: In 1339, King Edward III of England marched his troops out of occupied regions in France after the French forces did not pursue him. This decision by the French led to the abrupt end of the campaign in the Hundred Years' War.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of conflicts between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France that spanned more than a century (with interruptions) from 1337 to 1453. The immediate causes of the conflicts were the English possessions in France which were at the same time vassals of the French Kingdom, as well as disputed claims to the French throne between the English House of Plantagenet and the French royal House of Valois. At the end of the war Englans lost all its possessions in France with the exception of the city of Calais.
September 1346: Caen is besieged by England.
1.1.Edwardian War
Was the first phase of the Hundred Years' War between France and England, lasting from 1337 to 1360.
October 1355: During the so-called Black Prince's chevauchée of 1355, an Anglo-Gascon force under the command of Edward, the Black Prince raided southern France.
November 1355: Territories left by the Anglo-Gascon force that raided southern France during the so-called Black Prince's chevauchée of 1355.
August 1356: The Black Prince's chevauchée of 1356 was a military campaign led by Edward, the Prince of Wales, son of King Edward III of England. The campaign took place in southwestern France, targeting ergerac, Périgord, Nontronnais, Confolentais, Limousin, La Marche, Boischaut, Champagne Berrichonne, Berry, Sologne, south of Touraine and Poitou.
September 1356: French reconquers the regions lost during the Black Prince's chevauchée of 1356.
March 1360: The English besiege Paris (1360).
April 1360: End of the English Siege of Paris (1360).
April 1360: Siege of Chartres.
April 1360: 'Black Monday' refers to a devastating hailstorm that struck Chartres in 1360 during the Hundred Years' War. The storm caused significant damage to the city and surrounding areas, leading to widespread destruction and loss of life. The territory of Chartres ultimately fell under the control of the Kingdom of France.
1.1.1.First English Campaign (Edwardian War)
Was the first English military campaign in France during the Edwardian War.
1.1.2.Second English Campaign (Edwardian War)
Was the second English military campaign in France during the Edwardian War.
July 1340: Siege of Tournai.
July 1340: Battle of Saint Omer.
1.1.3.Guascon campaign of 1345
Was an English military campaign in Gascony during the Edwardian War.
September 1345: Battle of Bergerac.
October 1345: Battle of Auberoche.
1.1.4.Crécy campaign
Was an English military campaign in northern France during the Edwardian War.
July 1346: English conquest of Conquest of Argences.
August 1346: English conquest of Conquest of Lisieux.
August 1346: English conquest of Conquest of Brionne.
August 1346: English conquest of Conquest of Elbeuf.
August 1346: English conquest of Conquest of Pont de l'Arche.
August 1346: English conquest of Conquest of Vernon.
August 1346: English conquest of Conquest of Freneuse.
August 1346: English conquest of Conquest of Poissy.
August 1346: English conquest of Conquest of Grisy.
August 1346: English conquest of Conquest of Auteuill.
August 1346: English conquest of Conquest of Troisseraux.
August 1346: English conquest of Conquest of Airaines and Poix.
August 1346: English conquest of Conquest of Acheux.
August 1346: Battle of Crecy.
August 1346: English conquest of Conquest of St. Josse.
August 1346: English conquest of Conquest of Neufchatel.
September 1346: English conquest of Conquest of Wissant.
August 1347: Calais, a strategic port city in France, was captured by King Edward III of England in 1347 during the Hundred Years' War. The Treaty of Brétigny in 1360 confirmed English possession of Calais and its surroundings, establishing it as an important English stronghold on the continent.
August 1347: Wissant is re-occupied by the French.
1.1.5.Treaty of Brétigny
The Treaty of Brétigny was a treaty that marked the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453). By virtue of this treaty, Edward III of England obtained large territorial gains in southwestern France.
October 1360: The Treaty of Brétigny was a treaty, drafted on 8 May 1360 and ratified on 24 October 1360, between King Edward III of England and King John II of France (the Good). In retrospect, it is seen as having marked the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) as well as the height of English power on the Continent. By virtue of this treaty, Edward III obtained, besides Guyenne and Gascony, Poitou, Saintonge and Aunis, Agenais, Périgord, Limousopn, Quercy, Bigorre, the countship of Gauré, Angoumois, Rouergue, Montreuil-sur-Mer, Ponthieu, Calais, Sangatte, Ham and the countship of Guînes.
1.2.Caroline War
Was the second phase of the Hundred Years' War between France and England. .
September 1370: Sacking of the city of Limoges in 1370 by the English forces.
September 1370: The English besiege Paris (1370).
September 1370: End of the English Siege of Paris (1370).
October 1370: End of the "Sac de Limoges".
August 1373: The Chevauchée de Lancastre was an English military campaign through the territory between Calais and Bordeaux.
September 1373: English forces leave the territories occupied during the Chevauchée de Lancastre.
1.3.Lancastrian War
Was the third and final phase of the Hundred Years' War between France and England. At the end of the war England lost all its continental possessions in France with the exception of the city of Calais.
1.3.1.First English Campaign (Lancastrian War)
Was an English military campaign in France during the Lancastrian War, the last phase of the Hundred Years' War. France suffered an unexpected defeat by the numerically inferior English army in the Battle of Agincourt.
August 1415: Henry V of England landed at Chef-en-Caux in the Seine estuary.
September 1415: The French town of Harfleur was successfully captured after a five-week siege, marking a significant victory for the English forces.
October 1415: English land victory against the French in the Battle of Agincourt (1415).
November 1415: The Battle of Azincourt in 1415 was a major victory for the English forces led by King Henry V against the French army. Despite the decisive win, Henry's focus was on returning to England rather than further conquests in France.
1.3.2.Second English Campaign (Lancastrian War)
Was an English military campaign in France during the Lancastrian War, the last phase of the Hundred Years' War.
January 1419: Rouen is besieged by England.
July 1420: The Siege of Montereau-Fault-Yonne in 1420 was a military conflict during the Hundred Years' War between the forces of King Henry V of England and the Dauphin Charles VII of France. The English emerged victorious, leading to the territory falling under English military occupation.
November 1420: Melun is besieged by England.
December 1420: English forces captured Paris.
March 1421: Battle of Bauge.
April 1421: Battle of Bauge.
May 1422: Meaux is besieged by England.
September 1422: English campaign during which Dreux and Chartres are seized.
August 1424: Bataille de Verneuil: The consequences of the victory at Verneuil were: The English captured all border posts of Lancastrian Normandy and La Hire withdrew to the east. The only exception was Mont Saint-Michel, where the monks resisted.
March 1426: Dol conquered by england.
March 1426: Battle of St. James.
April 1426: The English military occupation of Brittany ended. Brittany became an ally-vassal of England.
July 1427: The Siege of Montargis in 1427 was part of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. The English forces, led by John, Duke of Bedford, successfully captured Montargis, a key strategic town in the Loire Valley, leading to a period of military occupation by England.
September 1427: The Siege of Montargis in 1427 was a military conflict between the forces of Joan of Arc, leading the French army, and the English troops. Montargis was a strategic town in the Kingdom of France, and its capture by the French marked a significant victory in the Hundred Years' War.
March 1428: Laval is besieged by England.
October 1428: English and Burgundian forces started the Siege of Orléans.
1.3.3.French Reconquest (final phase of the Hundred Years' War)
Was a French military campaign in the territories occupied by England. The campaign was succesful and led to the expulsion of the the English from France (with the exception of the city of Calais).
May 1429: Siege of Orleans.
June 1429: Battle of Jargeau.
June 1429: Battle of Meung-sur-Loire.
June 1429: Battle of Beaugency.
July 1429: Reims conquered by Kingdom of France.
September 1429: The French besiege Paris, which at the time was in English hands (1429).
September 1429: The French army was not able to conquer Paris and lifted the siege.
September 1429: Laval is besieged by the Kingdom of France.
October 1430: The Siege of Compiègne in 1430 was a military confrontation during the Hundred Years' War between the English forces led by Thomas de Montacute and the French defenders commanded by Joan of Arc. The siege resulted in the capture of Joan of Arc, who was later handed over to the English and eventually executed.
August 1432: Siege of Lagny-sur-Marne.
May 1435: Battle of Gerberoy.
June 1435: The French troops of Charles VII started a new siege of Paris, which at the time was in English hands (1435).
April 1436: After a long siege, the French were able to chase the English from Paris.
August 1443: Siege of Dieppe.
July 1449: Verneuil-sur-Avre conquered by Kingdom of France.
October 1449: End of the siege of Rouen.
November 1449: The capture of Honfleur by the French army liberated the Seine estuary from English control during the Hundred Years' War.
November 1449: French forces besiege Fougères.
April 1450: Battle of Formigny.
September 1450: Cherbourg falls. There are no more English in Normandy.
Was an inconclusive military campaign of Henry IV of England in Scotland.
August 1400: King Henry IV of England invaded the Scotland border regions in Berwickshire in mid-August of 1400.
August 1400: Following the failed invasion of Scotland in 1400, King Henry IV of England ordered the retreat of the English army back across the border. This retreat marked a significant victory for the Kingdom of Scotland, led by King Robert III.
Were a series of conflicts covering the period between 1494 to 1559, fought mostly in the Italian peninsula, but later expanding into Flanders, the Rhineland and the Mediterranean Sea. The primary belligerents were the Valois kings of France, and their Habsburg opponents in the Holy Roman Empire and Spain.
3.1.War of the League of Cambrai
Was one of the so-called Italian wars.
3.1.1.Fourth Phase - Alliance between Venice and France
Was the fourth phase of the War of the League of Cambrai, one of the so-called Italian Wars.
September 1513: In 1513, during the War of the League of Cambrai, the French commander La Palice was defeated by the English forces led by the Earl of Surrey in the Battle of Guinegatte. As a result, Tournai was conquered by England and remained under military occupation.
January 1515: Henry VIII, having failed to gain significant territory, concluded a separate peace with France.
3.2.Italian War of 1521-1526
Was one of the so-called Italian wars. The war pitted Francis I of France and the Republic of Venice against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Henry VIII of England, and the Papal States.
September 1523: A huge English force under the command of the Duke of Suffolk advanced into French territory from Calais in combination with a Flemish-Imperial force. The French, scattered by the imperial attack, were unable to resist and Suffolk soon advanced beyond the Somme River, devastating the countryside and stopping only 80 kilometers from Paris.
October 1523: The English army retreats from Paris.
December 1523: English retreat to Calais.
3.3.Italian War of 1542-1546
Was one of the so-called Italian Wars.
3.3.1.French Theatre (Italian War of 1542-1546)
Was the war theatre on French territory in the Italian War of 1542-1546.
July 1544: The Siege of Boulogne in 1544 resulted in the capture of the city by the English forces.
August 1544: The Duke of Norfolk, was ordered by King Henry VIII of England to besiege Montreuil in France.
September 1544: English forces, led by King Henry VIII, besieged the French-held town of Boulogne. The French garrison's firepower prevented any approach on foot, so the English dug tunnels under the castle, and the French eventually surrendered the city.
January 1545: The French Dauphin's army advanced on Montreuil.
June 1546: The Treaty of Ardres (or Treaty of Camp) was signed by Claude d'Annebault, Pierre Ramon, and Guillaume Bochetel on behalf of Francis, and Viscount Lisle, Baron Paget and Nicholas Wotton on behalf of Henry. By its terms, Henry would retain Boulogne until 1554, then return it in exchange for two million écus. In the meantime, neither side would construct fortifications in the region.
June 1546: The French forced the English to raise their siege of the city of Montreuil.
Disestablishment
June 1546: The Treaty of Ardres (or Treaty of Camp) was signed by Claude d'Annebault, Pierre Ramon, and Guillaume Bochetel on behalf of Francis, and Viscount Lisle, Baron Paget and Nicholas Wotton on behalf of Henry. By its terms, Henry would retain Boulogne until 1554, then return it in exchange for two million écus. In the meantime, neither side would construct fortifications in the region.
June 1546: The French forced the English to raise their siege of the city of Montreuil.
Selected Sources
Livingstone, M. / Witzel, M. (2005): The Road to Crécy: The English Invasion of France, 1346. Harlow (UK), pp. 107–225.
Sumption, J. (1990): Trial by Battle. The Hundred Years' War, London (UK), p. 505.
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, p.142
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, pp.145
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England (Military Occupation)
