This article is about the specific polity Emirate of Córdoba and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
A medieval islamic kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula. The Umayyad Caliphate conquered most of the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century. After the Umayyads were overthrown by the Abbasids, the Umayyads established their domains in the Iberian peninsula as a separate polity. It was proclaimed a Caliphate in 929.
Summary
The Moorish conquest of Spain in the early 8th century led to the establishment of the Emirate of Córdoba, which was a successor state to the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus. The Emirate was founded by Abder Rahman I, who fled Damascus and established an independent emirate in Spain in 756 AD.
The Emirate of Córdoba oversaw a period of significant cultural and economic prosperity. Córdoba became a major center of learning, with advances in fields like philosophy, science, and the arts. The city was renowned for its libraries, universities, and architectural achievements like the Great Mosque of Córdoba. Economically, the Emirate integrated Spain into Mediterranean trade networks and extended Moorish control over lucrative trade routes.
However, the Emirate also faced internal political instability, with frequent power struggles, civil wars, and the rise and fall of rival factions. This culminated in the collapse of the Emirate and its replacement by the Caliphate of Córdoba in 929 AD under the rule of Abder Rahman III.
Establishment
May 756: The territories of the Emirate of Córdoba, located in what the Arabs called Al-Andalus, had formed part of the Umayyad Caliphate since the early eighth century. After the caliphate was overthrown by the Abbasids in 750, the Umayyad prince Abd ar-Rahman I fled the former capital of Damascus and established an independent emirate in Iberia in 756.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were the military campaigns of the Umayyad Caliphate in modern-day Spain, Portugal and France.
1.1.Frankish-Umayyad Wars
Were a series of wars between the Umayyad Caliphate, which had conquered the Iberian Peninsula, and the Frankish Kingdom.
January 760: Siege of Narbonne: After the fall of Narbonne, the Muslims are forced to withdraw from Septimania and retreat beyond the Pyrenees.
June 778: A double expedition was set up in the spring of 778, and during the summer the two armies met in front of Zaragoza, but at that time the city was held by loyalists, contrary to what Suleyman claimed. Threatened with intervention from the Emir of Cordoba, the Franks lift the siege and leave Spain, after looting Pamplona.
January 786: In 785, the Kingdom of the Franks, led by King Charlemagne, took control of Gerona, a city in modern-day Spain.
1.2.Cordovan conquest of the Balearic islands
The Emirate of Córdoba conquers the Balearic Islands.
January 903: Ibiza and Maiorca conquered by Emirate of Córdoba.
January 904: Balearic Islands conquered by Emirate of Córdoba.
Were a series military campaigns from the 8th century until 1492 by the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula to reconquer the region from the Islamic rulers that had conquered it during the Umayyad conquest of Hispania.
January 779: In 778, Charlemagne led the Franks in an attack on Zaragoza, a city in modern-day Spain.
February 779: The Franks were unable to capture the city of Zaragoza and were forced to retreat.
January 791: In 790, the territories of Ribagorza and Pallars were linked to Toulouse and became part of the Kingdom of the Franks under the rule of Charlemagne, a prominent Frankish king and emperor. This expansion of the Frankish kingdom helped solidify Charlemagne's power in the region.
January 793: Hisham I, Emir of Cordoba, calls for jihad against the infidels in Al-Andalus and in the Frankish Empire. Tens of thousands of volunteers from as far away as Syria follow his call. Narbonne is destroyed, but the invasion is stopped near Carcassonne.
February 793: After the forces of the Caliphate of Cordoba raided southern France, they returned to Spain.
January 796: Moorish troops conquer Astorga.
January 799: Alfonso II, King of Asturias, launches a raid on Al-Andalus and reaches Lisbon, which he sacks.
February 799: End of the sack of Lisbon by Asturian forces.
January 815: He defeated the Muslims in Mourning (794), Narón and Anceus (825). He also fought on the Orón River (816), a confrontation that was stale. Thanks to the victories over the Muslims, it consolidated its presence in Galicia, León and Castilla.
January 867: King Alfonso III. the Great of Asturias conquers Coimbra.
January 872: Coimbra is conquered again by the Moors.
January 884: In 883, the Christian King Alfonso III of Asturias led a successful counteroffensive, capturing the territories of Deza and Atienza from the Moors. This marked a significant victory in the Reconquista, the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule.
July 920: Cordoban forces earned a victory at the Battle of Valdejunquera, after which the Emirate retook the lands south of the river Ebro.
January 921: After the defeat of the Moors in 920, King Sancho I of Pamplona led the Christian counteroffensive, quickly taking control of La Rioja and annexing the territories of Nájera and Viguera into the Kingdom of Pamplona.
February 921: After their raid in Gascony, the Muslim forces of Cordoba left the region.
February 924: A Muslim army leaves Pamplona after a raid.
2.1.Expansion of the Frankish Spanish March
Were a series of military campaigns by the Frankish rulers that led to the creation of a buffer zone between the Iberian Peninsula, controlled by the Umayyad Caliphate, and the Frankish Empire.
January 795: Frankish overlordship expanded to the upper Ebro (794).
January 799: Urgell and Cerdanya were added to the Marca Hispanica in 798.
January 799: Pamplona conquered by frankish empire.
January 812: All of Catalonia falls under Frankish control.
2.2.Conquests of Abd ar-Rahman III
Were the conquests of the Emir and later Caliph of Córdoba, Abd ar-Rahman III.
January 921: 920: Muslim forces cross the Pyrenees, invade Gascony, besiege Toulouse and kill the garrison of Muez.
January 924: Pamplona is destroyed by a Muslim army.
January 928: In 927, Melilla was attached to the Emirate of Córdoba, marking the establishment of the emirate's presence in Africa. The Emirate of Córdoba was ruled by Abd-ar-Rahman III, who was a prominent Umayyad caliph in Al-Andalus.
January 929: Abd al-Rahman III proclaims the Caliphate of Córdoba.
Disestablishment
January 929: Abd al-Rahman III proclaims the Caliphate of Córdoba.
Emirate of Córdoba
