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Polity that includes all territories militarly occupied by Portugal that are not part of a specific military territory.
Establishment
January 1569: In 1561, a Portuguese Jesuit missionary managed to make his way into the Mwenemutapa's court and convert him to Christianity. This did not go well with the Muslim merchants in the capital, and they persuaded the king to kill the Jesuit only a few days after the former's baptism. This was all the excuse the Portuguese needed to penetrate the interior and take control of the gold mines and ivory routes. After a lengthy preparation, an expedition of 1,000 men under Francisco Barreto was launched in 1568. They managed to get as far as the upper Zambezi, but local disease decimated the force.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of wars between the native kingdoms of modern-day Sri Lanka and the Portuguese Empire.
1.1.Campaign of Danture
Was a Portuguese military campaign in the Sinhalese Kingdom of Kandy.
July 1594: The Portuguese entered Kandy, without encountering any resistance, to find the Royal Palace abandoned and partly burned.
October 1594: At Danture, the Portuguese forces were attacked as they retreated. The organised columns disintegrated in the forest and most were wiped out. Sousa surrendered with the remaining 93 European troops. In a departure from usual Sinhalese warfare, the prisoners were tortured and mutilated. Sousa died of the wounds he sustained during the fighting. With the exception of a patrol sent back to the lowlands during the early part of the campaign, only three Portuguese soldiers escaped back to Colombo.
1.2.Low intensity conflict of Portugal with Kandy
Were a series of minor conflicts between the Portuguese Empire and the Kingdom of Kandy.
January 1604: In 1603, Portuguese General Dom Jerónimo successfully captured the Kandian fort at Balana, solidifying Portuguese control over the territory.
January 1604: The Kingdom of Kandy successfully defended itself against the Portuguese attempt to subjugate Balana. The rebellion among the Lascarins, led by historical figure King Vimaladharmasuriya I, played a crucial role in forcing the Portuguese to retreat to Colombo.
Was a global conflict that involved most of the European great powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. At the end of the war the main winner was Great Britain, that obtained territories in North America, the Caribbean and India, becoming the most powerful maritime and colonial of the European powers.
2.1.Fantastic War
Was a war between Spain and Portugal during the Seven Years' War that took place in the Iberian Peninsula and in South America.
2.1.1.Peninsular action (main theatre of the Fantastic War)
Was the theatre of war in the Iberian Peninsula of the Fantastic war between Spain and Portugal.
August 1762: In 1762, during the Seven Years' War, General John Burgoyne led a force of 2,800 Anglo-Portuguese troops to attack and capture Valencia de Alcántara, which was under Spanish control. This military action was part of Portugal's involvement in the war on the side of Britain against Spain.
2.2.Treaty of Paris (1763)
Was a treaty signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Great Britain and Prussia's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War.
February 1763: With the Treaty of Paris (1763) the Anglo-Portuguese army left the territories it had occupied in Spain.
Were a series of conflicts between France and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. They include the Coalition Wars as a subset: seven wars waged by various military alliances of great European powers, known as Coalitions, against Revolutionary France - later the First French Empire - and its allies.
3.1.French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars - Theatre of war in the overseas colonies
The theatre of war in the overseas colonies during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
January 1809: Portuguese conquest of French Guiana.
November 1817: After Napoleon's abdication in 1814, it was decided to return French Guyana to French control, but it was only on 8 November 1817, when a French expedition arrived with Cayenne's new governor, Claude Carra Saint-Cyr, that the French took formal possession of the territory.
Were a series of independence wars by the Spanish colonies in America that started after the French occupation of mainland Spain during the Napoleonic Wars.
4.1.Argentine War of Indipendence
Was the independence war of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (later Argentina) against Spanish rule.
4.1.1.Banda Oriental Campaign
Was an argentine military campaign in the Banda Oriental region (the South American territories east of the Uruguay River) during the Argentine War of Indipendence.
December 1811: On July 20, 1811 an armistice was signed between the First Argentine Triumvirate and the Spanish viceroy Elío. Withdrawal of the revolutionary and Portuguese troops from the Banda Oriental and from the cities of Concepción del Uruguay, Gualeguay and Gualeguaychú, in the territory of Entre Ríos.
4.1.1.1.Portuguese Invasion of Banda Oriental
Was a Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental region during the Argentine War of Independence.
July 1811: Portuguese forces crossed the border with Spanish America and reached Melo the same day.
August 1811: In 1811, Portuguese Sergeant major Manuel dos Santos Pedroso led a force to occupy Belén in the Banda Oriental, which is now Uruguay. This military occupation was part of Portugal's efforts to expand its territory in South America.
August 1811: Portuguese forces defeated 180 or 200 rebels who guarded the town of Mandisoví and took control of it.
September 1811: On 1 September Paysandú was occupied by Portuguese forces.
September 1811: Brazilian irregular armed bands invaded the villages of Misiones, capturing the commander of Yapeyú, Bernardo Pérez Planes, and shortly after conquering the towns of Belén and Salto Chico.
October 1811: The Portuguese captured several Orientais and hundreds of horses in the town of Rocha, in Castillos Lagoon and in Castillo Grande.
October 1811: To counter the Portuguese offensive, José Rondeau sent a detachment north of the Río Negro at the beginning of September, which managed to free Mercedes the following month.
October 1811: All the eastern villages of the future state of Uruguay were occupied by Portuguese troops, and on October 14, the Portuguese headquarters was placed in Maldonado.
November 1811: From Mandisoví the Portuguese forces occupied Curuzú Cuatiá.
November 1811: The Portuguese were driven out of Paysandú.
November 1811: In 1811, Elías Galván, a military leader from the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, successfully recaptured the territory of Curuzú Cuatiá.
May 1812: In March, after the arrival of reinforcements from Brazil and supplies from Montevideo, a Portuguese army of 5,000 men moved from Maldonado towards Paysandú, entering it.
September 1812: The government of Buenos Aires ordered Artigas to return to his camp on the Ayuí stream after the signing, on March 26, of the Rademaker-Herrera Treaty, which determined the return of Portuguese troops to Brazil. Once again, Souza did not recognize the agreement, but after a series of clashes he received the order to withdraw from the Banda Oriental by King John VI, an order which he finally carried out on June 13. A few days later, the commander of the Portuguese-occupied portion of Misiones, Francisco das Chagas Santos, attempted to attack La Cruz, which was defended by Corrientes' forces, but withdrew after Galván informed him that hostilities had ceased. On September 13, the armistice was ratified, despite Vigodet's attempts to prevent its application. However, the Portuguese did not return to the pre-invasion borders, maintaining control of the current municipalities of Uruguaiana, Quaraí, Santana do Livramento and Alegrete, and part of those of Rosário do Sul, Dom Pedrito and Bagé.
4.1.2.Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental
Was a Portuguese military campaign during the Argentine War of Independence that resulted in the Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental region (Uruguay).
August 1816: Hostilities began on August 28, when the vanguard of the army of Carlos Frederico Lecor, under the command of Marshal Sebastião Pinto de Araújo Correia, occupied the fortress of Santa Teresa.
September 1816: Guazurary besieged San Borja.
October 1816: The Luso-Brazilian forces of Chagas, aided by the arrival of Abreu, defeated him in what was called the Battle of San Borja, forcing him to retreat to the western bank of Uruguay as well.
January 1817: The following day, Latorre attacked Alegrete, engaging him in the battle of Catalán; after an initial phase favorable to the Orientals, the arrival of Abreu's cavalry delivered victory to the Portuguese.
February 1817: Over a period of two months, Chagas subjected villages on both sides of Uruguay to a regime of terror.
July 1817: On July 2 Guazurary arrived to help the local militias, defeating the Portuguese in the battle of Apóstoles, forcing them to retreat outside of Misiones.
January 1818: Lecor took the city of Maldonado.
January 1818: The Portuguese took possession of Montevideo.
November 1818: Almost two years after the start of the invasion of Banda oriental, the Portuguese general finally managed to unite his forces with those of Curado, consolidating his power south of the Río Negro and occupying Colonia del Sacramento, the coastal ports and the entire eastern area. Artigas was left with sole control of the depopulated northern portion of the Banda Oriental.
January 1821: Meeting on July 15, 1821, the Cisplatinian Congress asked three days later for the formal accession of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve to the United Kingdom. The Province Cisplatina was eventually incorporated into the Portuguese kingdom.
January 1573: As local diseases decimated their force, the Portuguese left Mutapa.
January 1612: In 1611, Portuguese forces led by Captain General Jerónimo de Azevedo captured the city of Kandy in Sri Lanka in the name of the pretender Mayadunne of Uva. The city was torched once again during this conquest.
February 1612: After torching the city of Kandy, the Portuguese army left the city.
January 1809: Portuguese conquest of French Guiana.
November 1817: After Napoleon's abdication in 1814, it was decided to return French Guyana to French control, but it was only on 8 November 1817, when a French expedition arrived with Cayenne's new governor, Claude Carra Saint-Cyr, that the French took formal possession of the territory.
Disestablishment
January 1821: Meeting on July 15, 1821, the Cisplatinian Congress asked three days later for the formal accession of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve to the United Kingdom. The Province Cisplatina was eventually incorporated into the Portuguese kingdom.
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Portugal (Military Occupation)
