This article is about the specific polity Egypt Eyalet and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
When Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian military commander of the Ottoman army in Egypt, seized power in 1805, Egypt became de facto an independent country, nominally still bound to the Ottoman Empire. The Eyalet was able to expand into Sudan and nearby territories iin the middle of the XIX century. Constantinople granted Egypt the status of an autonomous vassal state or Khedivate in 1867. It was a precursor of modern-day Egypt.
Establishment
January 1806: Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian military commander of the Ottoman army in Egypt, seized power in 1805 and established an independent state.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Wars that saw the partecipation of Muhammad Ali Pasha, the Wali of Egypt.
1.1.Anglo-Turkish War (1807-1809)
Was a war between Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire caused by the agreement of the Ottomans to open the Dardanelles exclusively to French warships. .
1.2.Egyptian conquest of Sudan
Were a series of military expeditions of the nominally Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt in Sudan that resulted in the annexion of the region.
July 1820: In 1820, the Egyptian army, led by Muhammad Ali Pasha, advanced into the territory between the first and second cataract of the Nile River. The kashif of Lower Nubia, a local ruler, submitted to the Egyptian forces, despite the territory being only nominally under Ottoman rule. This event marked the expansion of Egyptian control into the region.
July 1820: When the Egyptians passed the second cataract of the Nile, the ruler of Say submitted.
August 1820: In 1820, during the Ottoman-Egyptian conquest of Sudan, the Mamluks, who were slave soldiers in Egypt, either surrendered or escaped from Dongola. This event marked the expansion of Egyptian control over the region.
November 1820: The main military opposition to the Egyptians in Sudan came from the powerful Shayqiyya confederation, which was defeated on 4 November at the battle of Korti.
February 1821: Ismail himself took the bulk of his forces on a march across the Bayuda Desert and reached the Nile at al-Buqayr, south of Ad-Damir seven days later. .
March 1821: The Egyptians reached Berber, which submitted without fighting.
January 1823: The Kordofan Campaign of 1822 was led by the Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali Pasha and his son Ismail Pasha. They successfully conquered the territory of North Kordofan, which was part of the Egypt Eyalet at the time. This campaign was part of Muhammad Ali's efforts to expand his control over Sudan and establish Egyptian dominance in the region.
January 1841: A number of territories in modern Sudan and South Sudan were not conquered in the Egyptian conquest of 1822-24, but were added following campaigns in later years. In 1840, the regions of Kassala and Taka were added to the Egyptian domains.
January 1856: In 1855, the Upper White Nile region around Fashoda was part of the Egypt Eyalet.
January 1866: Suakin and the Red Sea coast were conquered by Egypt in 1865.
1.3.Egyptian-Ottoman Wars
Were two major wars between Muhammad Ali Pasha's Egypt (nominally an Ottoman vassal but factually independent) and the Ottoman Empire over the control of territories in the Levant.
1.3.1.Egyptian-Ottoman War (1831-1833)
Was a military conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Egypt brought about by Muhammad Ali Pasha's demand to the Sublime Porte for control of Greater Syria, as reward for aiding the Sultan during the Greek War of Independence.
June 1832: Acre fell to Egyptian prince Ibrahim Pasha's army in May 1832.
October 1832: In 1832, Ibrahim Pasha, the son of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, led a military campaign to conquer the Levant region. After capturing Acre, he successfully took control of major cities like Aleppo, Homs, Beirut, Sidon, Tripoli, and Damascus, expanding the territory of the Egypt Eyalet.
November 1832: With the provinces of Greater Syria under his control, the Egyptian army continued their campaign into Anatolia in late 1832.
November 1832: In 1832, the Egyptian forces, led by Ibrahim Pasha, occupied the city of Konya in central Anatolia. This was part of the Egyptian invasion of Ottoman territories during the Ottoman-Egyptian War.
1.3.2.Egyptian-Ottoman War (1839-1841)
Was a military conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Egypt initiated by the Ottomans to reoccupy lands lost to Muhammad Ali in the First Turko-Egyptian War.
September 1840: Open war broke out on September 11, when Napier bombarded Beirut and effected a landing at Jounieh with 1,500 Turks and Marines to operate against Ibrahim, who was prevented by the revolt from doing more than trying to hold the coastal cities.
September 1840: With a mixed squadron of British, Turkish and Austrian ships, bombarded Sidon on September 26 and landed with the storming column. Sidon capitulated in two days.
October 1840: The Egyptians had abandoned Beirut on October 3.
November 1840: In 1840, the city of Acre and several nearby coastal cities were occupied by the British military.
November 1840: On 27 November 1840, the Convention of Alexandria took place. British Admiral Charles Napier reached an agreement with the Egyptian government, where the latter abandoned its claims to Syria and returned the Ottoman fleet.
March 1820: In 1820 Muhammad Ali of Egypt gave orders to commence the conquest of eastern Libya. He first sent an expedition westward (Feb. 1820) which conquered and annexed the Siwa oasis.
June 1821: In 1820, Ismail bin Muhammad Ali, the general and son of the nominally Ottoman vassal Muhammad Ali Pasha, started the conquest of Sudan. The Turks reached the Nile confluence in May 1821.
January 1822: Between 1821 and 1841, Muhammad Ali, Pasha of Egypt, came to control Yemen and the sahil, with Zeila included.
January 1822: In 1821, el-Fahl lost the province of Kordofan to the Egyptians under Mehemet Ali.
January 1828: In 1827, British explorer Captain William Grant Francis and Sultan of Raheita, Moussa Reyyan, signed a protection treaty in the northern coast of present-day Djibouti. This marked the beginning of British influence in the region, eventually leading to the establishment of British Somaliland.
January 1831: The White Nile region is conquered by Egypt.
January 1834: An intervention by the Ottoman viceroy of Egypt in 1833 again wrested the coast from the ruler in Sana'a.
January 1839: Emir Faisal faced a re-invasion of Najd by the Egyptians. The local population was unwilling to resist, and Faisal was defeated and taken to Egypt as a prisoner.
January 1840: Since 1839 British emissaries stationed in the port cities of Zeila and Berbera.
January 1841: Zeila was more or less subject to Ottoman Turkey throughout the 19th century. She appoints "pasha", farmers responsible for taxes, like Ali Shermake or Abu Bekr in the 1840s.
January 1841: External conflicts forced the Egyptians to withdraw all their presence in the Arabian Peninsula.
February 1841: The Funj Sultanate was annexed to Egypt.
January 1842: The Egyptians withdrew from the Yemeni seaboard in 1841.
January 1866: By 1865, the Shilluk Kingdom had lost part its political standing.
June 1867: Constantinople granted Egypt the status of an autonomous vassal state or Khedivate in 1867.
Disestablishment
June 1867: Constantinople granted Egypt the status of an autonomous vassal state or Khedivate in 1867.
Selected Sources
Dupuy, R. E. / Dupuy, T. N. (1993): The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 B.C. to the Present, New York (USA), p. 851.
.svg.png.webp)
Egypt Eyalet
