This article is about the specific polity Kingdom of Poland and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
Was a state in Central Europe, and the continuation of the Duchy of Poland after the incoronation of Bolesław I the Brave. During its existence it was often fragmented in nearly independent duchy. In this model we treat separately only the Duchy of Masovia because it was able to become de facto a separate state. The Kingdom was also interrupted by two brief periods of Personal Union, first with Bohemia and then with Hungary.
Summary
In the early 14th century, Władysław I reunited the Polish lands and was crowned the first King of Poland in 1320. His successor, Casimir the Great, further strengthened the kingdom and reformed the legal and administrative systems. The union of Poland and Lithuania under the Jagiellonian dynasty in 1386 led to the creation of one of the largest states in Europe. Polish power and influence peaked in the 16th century under the Jagiellons.
Establishment
January 1026: In 1025, shortly before his death, Bolesław I the Brave finally succeeded in obtaining the papal permission to crown himself, and became the first king of Poland.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.
1.1.Mongol Invasions of Poland
Were a series of Mongol raids in Poland.
January 1287: In 1286, Talabuga, a Mongol general, and Nogai, a prominent Mongol leader, launched a devastating attack on Poland as part of the Golden Horde's expansionist campaigns. The invasion resulted in widespread destruction and plundering of the Polish territory.
February 1287: In 1286, Mongol generals Talabuga and Nogai led an attack on Poland, causing widespread devastation in the country. This event marked a period of conflict between the Mongol Empire and the Kingdom of Poland.
1.1.1.First Mongol Invasion of Poland
The Mongol Invasion of Poland from late 1240 to 1241 culminated in the battle of Legnica, where the Mongols defeated an alliance which included forces from fragmented Poland and their allies.
November 1240: The Mongol Invasion of Poland in 1240-1241 was led by Batu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan. The fragmented Polish forces, led by Duke Henry II the Pious of Silesia, were defeated at the Battle of Legnica. This invasion was part of the larger Mongol Empire's campaign of conquest in Europe.
January 1242: News that the Grand Khan Ögedei had died the previous year along with disagreements between the Mongol princes Batu, Guyuk, and Buri caused the descendants of the Grand Khan to return to the Mongol capital of Karakorum, leaving the Polish territories they had occupied.
1.1.2.Second Mongol Invasion of Poland
The second Mongol invasion of Poland was carried out by general Boroldai (Burundai) in 1259-1260. During this invasion the cities of Sandomierz, Kraków, Lublin, Zawichost, and Bytom were sacked by Mongols for the second time.
January 1260: The second Mongol invasion of Poland was carried out by general Boroldai (Burundai) in 1259-1260. During this invasion the cities of Sandomierz, Kraków, Lublin, Zawichost, and Bytom were sacked by Mongols for the second time.
February 1260: End of the second Mongol invasion of Poland.
1.1.3.Third Mongol Invasion of Poland
The third Mongol invasion of Poland was carried out by Nogai Khan and Talabuga in 1287-1288. As in the second invasion, its purpose was to loot Lesser Poland.
December 1287: The third Mongol invasion of Poland was carried out by Nogai Khan and Talabuga in 1287.1288. Its purpose was to loot Lesser Poland.
January 1288: Mongol forces leave Poland after looting the region.
1.2.Mongol Invasions of Germany
Were a series of Mongol raids in Germany.
1.2.1.First Mongol Invasion of Germany
Was a Mongol raid in the Holy Roman Empire.
May 1241: The Mongols invaded the Holy Roman Empire without major clash of arms.The army invaded eastern Germany, and crossed the March of Moravia in April-May 1241.
June 1241: The Mongols left eastern Germany and Moravia.
Were a series of Wars between the Teutonic Order and the Kingdom of Poland. .
2.1.Polish-Teutonic War (1326-1332)
Was a war between the Kingdom of Poland and the State of the Teutonic Order over Pomerelia.
January 1327: King John the Blind of Luxembourg marched against Kraków.
January 1327: In 1326, King Władysław I of Poland, with support from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led forces to devastate the Neumark region.
January 1327: The Bohemian king, at the time the head of the Luxembourg Dynasty, vassalized many of the Duchies of Silesia.
January 1327: In 1326, the Teutonic Order, led by Grand Master Werner von Orseln, pillaged and conquered the Polish Kuyavian region and the Dobrzyń Land. This marked a significant expansion of the Teutonic Knights' territory in Eastern Europe.
January 1327: King Władysław I of Poland received assistance from Grand Duke Gediminas of Lithuania and King Charles I of Hungary. Together, they launched a successful campaign against the Teutonic Order, pillaging the Kulmerland of Teutonic Prussia up to the Osa River near Grudziądz in 1326.
January 1327: King John the Blind of Luxembourg and Bohemia marched against Kraków.
February 1327: In 1327, King Władysław I of Poland received assistance from Lithuania and Hungary to raid the Kulmerland of Teutonic Prussia up to the Osa River near Grudziądz.
February 1327: End of Polish raid in Neumark.
February 1327: King John the Blind of Luxembourg and Bohemia marched against Kraków.
January 1331: After years of conflict, the Teutonic Order, led by Grand Master Werner von Orseln, agreed to a temporary peace with King Casimir III of Poland in 1330. As part of the agreement, the Order returned control of the Kuyavian region and the Dobrzyń Land to the Kingdom of Poland.
September 1331: After the indecisive Battle of Płowce in 1331, the Teutonic Order gained the upper hand against Poland and retook the Kuyavian region and the Dobrzyń Land
July 1343: In 1343, the territorial claims of Poland and the Teutonic Order were settled in the Peace of Kalisz. King Casimir III the Great, relinquishes Pomerelia, Chełmno Land and Michałów Land, in return for which he regains Kuyavia and Dobrzyń Land from the State of the Teutonic Order.
Were several wars fought in the years 1340-1392 over the succession in the Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia.
August 1340: Casimir III of Poland invaded the Principality of Galicia-Volhynia. After four weeks he reached an agreement with local nobles and their leader Dmytro Dedko: in return for their services, local nobles would enjoy protection from the Polish king.
April 1341: During the winter of 1340-1341, the Golden Horde (probably with Lithuanian help) attacked Poland and reached Lublin as a result of diminished tribute from the principality to the Mongol khan. The raid weakened Polish influence in the principality.
May 1341: During the winter of 1340-1341, the Golden Horde (probably with Lithuanian help) attacked Poland and reached Lublin as a result of diminished tribute from the principality to the Mongol khan. The raid weakened Polish influence in the principality.
January 1345: Direct conflict between Poland and Lithuania renewed, but soon a peace treaty was signed: Volhynia was assigned to Liubartas and Galicia to Casimir.
February 1348: After the Lithuanians were defeated in the Battle of Strėva by the Teutonic Knights in 1348, Liubartas lost all territories except for eastern Volhynia with Lutsk to Casimir .
November 1352: Another truce, rather favorable to the Lithuanians, was signed in fall 1352: Lubartas received not only Volhynia and Podolia, but also Belz and Chełm.
November 1366: In fall 1366, a treaty was signed by Poland and Lithuania: Liubartas of Lithuania retained only eastern Volhynia with Lutsk.
3.1.Union of Krewo
Was a treaty that created a personal union between Poland and Lithuania.
August 1385: Union of Krewo: Personal union of poland and lithuania.
Expansion during the rule of Gediminas in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
January 1341: Expansion of Lithuania by 1340.
Expansion during the rule of Algirdas in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
January 1353: Eventually by the mid-14th century, the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania divided up the region between them: King Casimir III took Galicia and Western Volhynia, while the sister state of Eastern Volhynia together with Kyiv came under Lithuanian control, 1352-66.
January 1363: Expansion of Lithuania by 1362.
January 1364: Western Podolia conquered by Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
January 1030: Duke Bretislaus I of Bohemia re-acquired the Moravian lands in 1019 or 1029.
January 1032: Przemysl was under Polish control until 1031.
January 1032: After King Konrad II had defeated the Polish King Mieszko II Lambert, the Kingdom of Poland came under the rule of the Meissen Margraves again.
January 1038: Miecław was a cup-bearer of king Mieszko II Lambert. In 1038 he broke away from Duchy of Poland during the crisis inside the country.
January 1039: When a pagan uprising against the Christian Church broke out in large parts of Poland in 1037 and the bishops of Breslau were driven out to Schmograu (Smogorzów) and to the Ritschen (Ryczyn), Duke Břetislav I of Bohemia seized the opportunity in 1038 and conquered Silesia.
February 1039: In 1039, Duke Bretislaus I of Bohemia invaded Poland, capturing Poznań and ravaging Gniezno.
January 1040: Duke Bretislaus I of Bohemia left Poznań, moving his troops to Silesia.
January 1048: After returning from exile in 1039, Duke Casimir I (1016-1058), properly known as the Restorer, rebuilt the Polish monarchy and the country's territorial integrity through several military campaigns: in 1047, Masovia was taken back from Miecław.
January 1055: Silesia back to the Duchy of Poland, after Holy Roman Emperor Henry III was able to persuade Břetislav I of Bohemia to recnounce to the region during the Peace of Quedlinburg.
January 1070: Several western border cities including Przemysl, were annexed by the Kingdom of Poland.
January 1081: Przemysl was under Polish control until 1080.
January 1109: In 1108, the territory of present-day Slovakia was incorporated into the Kingdom of Hungary.
January 1122: The Duchy of Pomerania was established as a vassal state of Poland in 1121.
January 1139: It was not until the Pentecostal Peace of Glatz, concluded in 1137 and confirmed in 1138, that a permanent border was drawn between Poland, including Silesia, as well as Bohemia and Moravia.
January 1139: The Duchy of Masovia was established as a feudal state in the course of the 12th century on the territory of today's Masovia after the inheritance of the Kingdom of Poland in 1138.
January 1139: The Duchy of Pomerania was established as a vassal state of Poland in 1121, which it remained until the fragmentation of Poland after the death of Polish ruler Bolesław III Wrymouth in 1138.
January 1210: In 1209 Ladislaus lost Lubusz, taken by Conrad II of Landsberg, Margrave of Lusatia (his brother-in-law), who defeated the Duke in the battle of Lubusz.
April 1211: Finally Henry I the Bearded [Silesia], in the campaign between August 1210 and March 1211 would have taken Lubusz from the Germans, taking advantage of the confusion after the death of Conrad II (6 May 1210) and the disputes over his inheritance among the members of the Wettin's Room.
January 1251: Around 1250 Brandenburg took over Lubusz Land from then-fragmented Poland.
January 1258: Margrave John I founded the town of Landsberg an der Warthe (now Gorzów Wielkopolski) in 1257.
January 1266: Neumark is systematically settled by Germans within ca. 1265 (foundation of Falkenburg).
January 1293: Lublin conquered by the Kingdom of Rus.
July 1300: In 1300 Wenceslaus of Bohemia briefly gained the Polish crown.
August 1306: Wenceslaus III of Bohemia was de facto only titular king and died during his military campaign in Poland.
January 1316: Expansion of Lithuania by 1315.
January 1326: In 1325, the territory of Pokuttya was conquered by the Kingdom of Poland.
January 1328: In 1327 John of Bohemia invaded Polonia minor.
January 1328: Zator fell to the Duchy of Bohemia.
January 1330: After the intervention of King Charles I of Hungary, John of Bohemia left Polonia Minor.
January 1352: The dukes of Mazovia became vassals of the united kingdom of Poland from 1351.
January 1367: Since 1366 the Belz Principality was a fief the Kingdom of Poland.
January 1367: In 1366, Casimir of Poland, allied with Siemowit III of Masovia, and resumed the war with Lithuania. He occupied Eastern Volhynia together with Kyiv.
January 1369: For the sake of peace, the Brandenburg Margrave Otto the Lazy sold the city of Deutsch Krone (today Wałcz) to the Poles in 1368.
November 1370: Immediately after Casimir's death in 1370, the heirless king's nephew Louis of Hungary of the Capetian House of Anjou assumed the Polish throne. During the reign of Louis I, Poland formed a Polish-Hungarian union.
November 1384: The Hungarian-Polish union lasted for twelve years and ended in war. After Louis's death in 1382 and a power struggle that resulted in the Greater Poland Civil War, the Polish nobility decided that Jadwiga, Louis's youngest daughter, should become the next "King of Poland"; Jadwiga arrived in 1384 and was crowned at the age of eleven. The failure of the union of Poland and Hungary paved the way for the union of Lithuania and Poland.
Disestablishment
August 1385: Union of Krewo: Personal union of poland and lithuania.
Selected Sources
Strakosh-Grassmann, G. (1893): Der Einfall der Mongolen in Mitteleuropa in den Jahren 1241 und 1242, Innsbruck (Austria), pp. 53-67
VKL-1462-ru. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 7 April 2024 on https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:VKL-1462-ru.png
Kingdom of Poland
