This article is about the specific polity Qajar Dynasty and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
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Was an Iranian state ruled by the Qajar dynasty, which was of Turkic origin. The Qajar family took full control of Iran after deposing both the Afsharid and the Zand Dynasty. It lasted until 1925, when Reza Shah created the Imperial State of Persia.
Establishment
January 1795: Between 1794 and 1868, Bandar Abbas was under the control of the Sultanate of Oman and Zanzibar through a lease agreement with Persia.
January 1795: Lotf Ali Khan, a grand-nephew of Karim Khan, declared himself the new Zand king. His reign (until 1794) was spent mostly in war with the Qajar khan. He was finally captured by the Qajars and brutally killed in the fortress of Bam, putting an effective end to the Zand Dynasty.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a civil war in Persia that led to the end of the Afsharid Dynasty, whose place was taken by the Qajar Dynasty.
January 1797: In 1796 Mohammad Khan Qajar, the founder of the Qajar dynasty, seized Mashhad and tortured Shahrokh to force him to reveal the whereabouts of Nader Shah's treasures. Shahrokh died of his injuries soon after and with him the Afsharid dynasty came to an end.
Were a series of wars between Persia and Russia in the period 1651-1828.
2.1.Russo-Persian War (1804-13)
Was a war between the Russian Empire and Qajar Persia over territorial disputes in the Caucasus.
January 1805: Russian forces led by Gudovich end the siege of Echmiadzin due to a lack of troops.
January 1805: Siege of Yerevan.
January 1805: The war in 1804 began when Russian commanders Ivan Gudovich and Paul Tsitsianov attacked the Persian settlement of Echmiadzin, leading to the territory falling under Russian military occupation. Echmiadzin is a historic city in Armenia, known for being the center of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
January 1805: Persian forces withdrew to Yerevan.
July 1805: The Persians occupied the Askeran Fortress at the mouth of a valley that leads from the plain southwest to Shusha, the capital of Karabakh.
January 1806: Russian forces pushed east into Persia almost to the Caspian.
January 1807: Russian forces capture the Caspian Coast.
October 1812: Battle of Aslanduz.
October 1813: By the Treaty of Gulistan Persia recognized Russian possession of all the Khanates it held and gave up all pretensions to Dagestan and Georgia.
2.2.Russo-Persian War (1826-28)
Was a military conflict between the Russian Empire and Persia over territories in southern Caucasus.
October 1827: By 13 October the Russians were a few miles from Tabriz. The garrison fled, driven out, it is said, by the inhabitants. The gates were opened and the ancient and wealthy city of 60,000 inhabitants was occupied without opposition.
November 1827: Urmia was occupied by Russian forces led by General Ivan Paskevich. The city of Ardebil surrendered to the Russians shortly after.
February 1828: The Treaty of Turkmenchay was signed by Russia and Persia. The two Azerbaijani khanates of Yerevan and Nakhichevan were awarded to Russia.
Was an unsuccesful military expedition of Russia against the Khanate of Khiva.
December 1839: In 1839, 2,000 to 3,000 soldiers from the Khivan Khanate launched an attack on Aq Bulaq.
January 1840: On 30 December 2,000 to 3,000 Khivans occupied the Aq Bulaq river. After two days, they they withdrew.
Was a war between Great Britain and Qajar Iran caused by disputes over territories in western Afghanistan.
December 1856: British forces under the command of Major General Sir John Cheape landed on the island of Kharag, located in the Bay of Bengal.
December 1856: Battle of Bushire.
March 1857: The British withdraw from southern Iran.
March 1857: British forces entered the Shatt al Arab.
April 1857: The town of Ahvaz fell to the British on 1 April 1857.
April 1857: Territorial change based on available maps.
Were a series of wars between Ottoman Empire and the Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar dynasties of Iran (Persia) through the 16th-20th centuries.
5.1.Ottoman invasion of Persia (1906)
Was an Ottoman invasion of Persia that started in 1906.
May 1906: The Ottomans occupied Behik in Bradest.
June 1906: The Ottomans occupied Serdasht and Bani.
August 1906: By 26 August the Ottomans controlled Urumia, where they were already collecting Taxes.
October 1906: Ottoman troops occupied a strip of territory extending from a point south-west of Soujboulak to a point west of Khoi.
During the Persian Constitutional Revolution, rebellion broke out in Tabriz on 23 June 1908. In early February 1909 government forces under Prince ʿAyn-al-dawla surrounded the city. On 20 April, in response to the siege situation, Britain and Russia agreed that a Russian force should be sent to occupy the city in order "to facilitate the entrance into the town of the necessary provisions, to protect the consulates and foreign subjects, and to help those who so desired to leave the town.".
April 1909: Russian forces under General Snarski occupied Tabriz.
Was a global conflict between two coalitions, the Allies (primarily France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). It was mainly caused by the competition of the western countries over domain in Europe and in the rest of the world with their colonial empires. The war ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. The war also caused the Russian Revolution and the ensuing Russian Civil War.
7.1.World War I Middle East Theatre
Was the theatre of war in the Middle East during World War I.
7.1.1.Persian Campaign
Was a series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire, British Empire and Russian Empire in Iran during World War I.
March 1915: The Russians evacuated the city of Dilman.
March 1915: The Van Gendarmerie Division retreated to Qotur.
April 1915: Dilman was the site of a very hard battle between the Armenians and the Turks.
April 1915: After the battle of Dilman in 1915, General Nazarbekov of the Russian Empire managed to push Ottoman General Halil Pasha's troops towards Başkale, a town located in present-day Turkey.
August 1915: During July 1915, Russian forces were forced into a general retreat across the Caucasus area, with one column of Russians retreating as far as the Persian frontier.
September 1915: In August 1915, following the occupation of Bushehr by the British, the gendarmes under Akhgar's control retreated to Borazjan.
November 1915: On November 10, the Gendarmerie forces, led by Ali Quli Khan Pasyan, defeated the tribal forces of the Khamseh (allies of the British), which were commanded by Ibrahim Khan Qavam-ul-Mulk, and captured Shiraz.
November 1915: By the end of the month, Tehran fell to the Russian Caucasus Army and Armenian volunteers.
December 1915: The Russians advanced against the Gendarmerie forces both in the Robatkarim region, where the forces were commanded by Mohammad Hossein Jahanbani, and along the road linking the Hamadan and Kermanshah regions, where the Gendarmerie forces were commanded by Major Pesyan and Azizollah Zarghami. The gendarmes, having been defeated, retreated to Kermanshah.
December 1915: In November 1915, Major Pesyan, commander of the Gendarmerie in Hamedan, launched an attack on the pro-Russian Persian Cossack Brigade in a battle that later took the battle name of Musalla. His gendarmes managed to disarm the enemies and he, with a patriotic speech, managed to convince some of them to go over to their side.
December 1915: Hamadan was captured by the troops of General Baratov.
February 1916: In 1916, during World War I, General Nikolai Baratov led Russian forces to capture the city of Kermanshah in Persia (modern-day Iran).
February 1916: On February 26, 1916, the Russians defeated the Ottoman gendarmes, who were forced to retreat to Qasr-e-Shirin province.
June 1916: On June 12, British soldiers advanced into southern Persia, which was conquered with the capture of Kerman by Percy Sykes' troops.
7.1.2.Sinai and Palestine campaign
Was a campaign fought by the Arab Revolt and the British Empire, against the Ottoman Empire and its Imperial German allies.
October 1918: The Armistice of Mudros, concluded on 30 October 1918, ended the hostilities, at noon the next day, in the Middle Eastern theatre between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies of World War I. As part of several conditions to the armistice, in the Caucasus, the Ottomans had to retreat to within the pre-war borders between the Ottoman and the Russian Empires.
Was a revolt in Khorasan, Iran.
April 1921: The Autonomous Government of Khorasan was was formally established.Iit was a short-lived military state set up in what is now Iran.
October 1921: Collapse of the Authonomous State of Khorasan.
January 1798: The Sarab Khanate was disestablished by Persia and annexed.
January 1803: The Tabriz Khanate, which existed until 1802, was abolished and annexed as a province to Persia.
January 1809: The Ardabil Khanate was disestablished in 1808 and its territory was absorbed by the Qajar Dynasty of Persia.
January 1809: The Karadagh Khanate was disestablished in 1808 and its territory was absorbed by the Qajar Dynasty of Persia.
January 1809: Expansion of the Emirate of Diriyah by 1808.
January 1809: The Khoy Khanate was disestablished in 1808 by the Qajar Dynasty.
January 1810: The Khalkhal Khanate was disestablished by Persia and annexed.
January 1811: The Zanjan Khanate remained semi-independent until 1810 when it was annexed by Qajar Persia.
January 1824: The Emirate of Afghanistan emerged from the Durrani Empire, when Dost Mohammed Khan, the founder of the Barakzai dynasty in Kabul, became Emir in 1826.
January 1829: The Marand Khanate is annexed by Persia.
January 1855: The Persians recovered the area of Bandar Abbas in 1854, while the Omani sultan was in Zanzibar.
January 1857: Under British pressure following the Anglo-Persian War in 1856, Persia renewed Oman's lease on favourable terms.
January 1866: The Urmia Khanate was disestablished by Persia and annexed.
January 1869: Two months after its renewal, the Omani lease was cancelled by the Persian government, citing a clause which permitted its termination if the sultan of Oman were overthrown.
January 1892: The Goldsmid boundary between persia and Afghanistan proved to be inadequate, especially given the shifting of the course of the Helmand, and thus a more precise boundary was drawn up in three sections over the following decades: the northern section by General C.S. MacLean, British consul general for Khorasan and Sīstān, in 1888-91, the southern section by Colonel Sir Henry McMahon.
January 1906: The southern section of the Afghan border was drawn by Colonel Sir Henry McMahon in 1903-05.
July 1920: The Soviet Republic of Gilan was Soviet republic in the Iranian province of Gilan that lasted from June 1920 until September 1921. It was established by Mirza Koochak Khan, a leader of the Constitutionalist movement of Gilan but it was only short-lived unrecognized state.
October 1921: The Soviet Republic of Gilan is ended by Persian authorities.
December 1925: In February 1921, Reza Khan, commander of the Persian Cossack Brigade, staged a coup d'état, becoming the effective ruler of Iran. Reza Khan induced the Majles to depose Ahmad Shah in October 1925 and to exclude the Qajar dynasty permanently. Reza Khan was subsequently proclaimed monarch as Reza Shah Pahlavi, reigning from 1925 to 1941.
Disestablishment
December 1925: In February 1921, Reza Khan, commander of the Persian Cossack Brigade, staged a coup d'état, becoming the effective ruler of Iran. Reza Khan induced the Majles to depose Ahmad Shah in October 1925 and to exclude the Qajar dynasty permanently. Reza Khan was subsequently proclaimed monarch as Reza Shah Pahlavi, reigning from 1925 to 1941.
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Qajar Dynasty
