Salci Duchy

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Was a Duchy of the Holy Roman Empire located on the border between Latium and Tuscany.

Establishment

January 1569: Erected as a duchy in 1568 by Pope Pius V in favor of Lucrezia Bandini.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars

Were a series of conflicts between France and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. They include the Coalition Wars as a subset: seven wars waged by various military alliances of great European powers, known as Coalitions, against Revolutionary France - later the First French Empire - and its allies.

May 1809: On May 17, 1809, Napoleon Bonaparte decreed the suppression of the temporal power of the Pope, annexing the territories of Umbria and Latium to the First French Empire. This move was part of Napoleon's efforts to expand his control over Italy and weaken the influence of the Papal States.

1.1.War of the First Coalition

Were a series of wars between the Kingdom of France (later the French Republic) and several European Monarchies. The French Revolution had deteriorated the relations of France with the other European countries, that tried several times to invade France in order to crash the revolutionary government.

February 1798: In February 1798, the ephemeral Roman Republic was proclaimed in Rome, Italy. The republic was closely linked to France.

1.2.War of the Second Coalition

Was the second war that saw revolutionary France against most of the European monarchies, led by Britain, Austria, and Russia, and including the Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Naples, and various German monarchies. Prussia did not join this coalition, and Spain supported France.

September 1799: In 1799, during the Roman Republic (Napoleonic), the Austrians, led by Archduke Charles, occupied the Legations and the Marches. Meanwhile, the British forces, under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby, landed in Civitavecchia and expelled the French. Subsequently, they set up military administrations in different cities in the region.

1.3.War of the Sixth Coalition

Was a war between France and a a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, and a number of German States. The coalition emerged after the decimation of the French army in the French invasion of Russia. The coalition ultimately invaded France and forced Napoleon to abdicate and go into exile.

January 1814: After the defeat of Napoleon in Leipzig (Battle of Leipzig), the Papal territories occupied by the French were returned to the Holy See (January 24, 1814).