If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this nation you can find it here: All Statistics
The cluster includes all the forms of the country since the Middle Ages.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Principality of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
Hungary (Personal Union with Bohemia)
Hungary (Personal Union with Poland)
Hungary (Personal Union through Vladislaus of Bohemia)
Confederated Estates of the Kingdom of Hungary
Hungarian Democratic Republic
Hungarian republic
Hungarian Soviet Republic
Hungary (Germany)
Second Hungarian Republic
Hungarian People's Republic
Third Hungarian Republic
Hungary
Establishment
January 896: The Hungarians conquer the eastern parts of the Carpathian Basin after defeating the Bulgarians in Southern Transylvania and Tiszántúl.
January 896: The newly unified Hungarians, led by Árpád, settled in the Carpathian Basin starting in 895.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
The Magyars (or Hungarians) successfully conquered the Carpathian Basin (corresponding to the later Kingdom of Hungary) by the end of the ninth century, and launched a number of plundering raids thoughout Europe.
January 900: In 899, the Magyars defeated Berengar of Friuli's army in the Battle of Brenta River and invaded the northern regions of Italy.
February 900: The Magyars leave northern Italy after a raid.
January 901: The Hungarians, returning victorious to their lands, invaded the Duchy, storming Cittanova Eracliana, Equilio, Brondolo and the two Chioggia, then advancing towards the port of Albiola, just south of Metamauco, where they were however finally rejected and defeated .
January 901: In 900, the Hungarian army, led by Prince Árpád, conquered Pannonia after their alliance proposal to the East Francians, led by King Louis the Child, was rejected. This marked a significant expansion of the Principality of Hungary's territory.
February 901: The Hungarians, returning victorious to their lands, invaded the Duchy, storming Cittanova Eracliana, Equilio, Brondolo and the two Chioggia, then advancing towards the port of Albiola, just south of Metamauco, where they were however finally rejected and defeated .
January 902: In 901, the Magyars attacked Italy again.
January 902: Lower Pannonia conquered by the Hungarians.
February 902: In 901, the Magyars attacked Italy again. The territories were left after the raid.
January 903: The Hungarians conquer the eastern parts of Great Moravia, ending with this the Hungarian Conquest of the Carpathian Basin, while the Slavs from West and North to this region, start to pay tribute to them.
January 903: In 902, the Magyars led a campaign against northern Moravia.
February 903: In 902, the Magyars led a campaign against northern Moravia.The territories were left after the raid.
January 908: After the early medieval Great Moravian realm had been finally defeated by the Árpád princes of Hungary in 907, what is now Slovakia was incorporated as "Upper Hungary".
September 908: The Battle of Eisenach in Thuringia in 908 was won by the Hungarians under the leadership of Grand Prince Árpád. This victory solidified Hungarian control over the region and expanded the Principality of Hungary's territory.
October 908: The Battle of Eisenach in Thuringia in 908 was a victory for the Hungarians led by Grand Prince Árpád. The defeat of the East Frankish forces led by King Louis the Child resulted in Thuringia becoming part of the Hungarian territory.
July 910: The Battle of Lechfeld in 910 was a decisive victory for the Magyar army led by Grand Prince Árpád over the united Frankish Imperial Army of Louis the Child. This victory solidified the Magyar control over Bavaria, which became part of the Principality of Hungary.
August 910: The Battle of Lechfeld in 910 was a decisive victory for the Magyar army led by Grand Prince Árpád over the united Frankish Imperial Army of Louis the Child. This battle marked the end of the Magyar invasions into Bavaria and solidified East Francia's control over the region.
January 911: Three major Frankish imperial armies were defeated decisively by the Hungarians between 907 and 910. The Hungarians succeeded in extending the de iure Bavarian-Hungarian border to the River Enns.
January 918: Between 917 and 925, the Magyars raided through Basel, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence and the Pyrenees.
February 918: Between 917 and 925, the Magyars raided through Basel, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence and the Pyrenees. The Magyars then left the raided territories.
January 920: In 919, after the death of Conrad I of Germany, the Magyars raided Saxony, Lotharingia and West France.
February 920: End of the 919 Magyar raid in Saxony, Lotharingia and West France.
January 922: In 921, the Hungarians raided Italy, reaching Apulia in 922.
February 922: In 921, the Hungarians raided Italy, reaching Apulia in 922. The territories were left after the raid.
January 927: In 926, the Hungarians ravaged Swabia and Alsace, campaigned through present-day Luxembourg and reached as far as the Atlantic Ocean.
February 927: In 926, the Hungarians ravaged Swabia and Alsace, campaigned through present-day Luxembourg and reached as far as the Atlantic Ocean. After the raid, the Magyars left the occupied territories.
January 928: The Hungarians marched up to Rome and imposed large tribute payments on Tuscany and Tarento.
February 928: The Hungarians marched up to Rome and imposed large tribute payments on Tuscany and Tarento. After the raid, the Hungarians left these territories.
January 934: In 933, a substantial Magyar army appeared in Saxony.
February 934: An invading Magyar army is defeated by Henry I of Germany at Merseburg (15 March 933).
January 936: Magyar attacks against Upper Burgundy (in 935).
February 936: Magyar attacks against Upper Burgundy (in 935). The territories were left after the raid.
January 937: Hungarian raid against Saxony (in 936).
February 937: Hungarian raid against Saxony (in 936). The territories were left after the raid.
January 938: In 937, the Hungarians raided France as far west as Reims, Lotharingia, Swabia, Franconia, the Duchy of Burgundy and Italy as far as Otranto in the south.
January 938: The Hungarians attacked Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire, reaching the walls of Constantinople.
February 938: In 937, the Hungarians raided France as far west as Reims, Lotharingia, Swabia, Franconia, the Duchy of Burgundy and Italy as far as Otranto in the south. After the ride they left these territories.
February 938: The Hungarians attacked Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire, reaching the walls of Constantinople.
January 939: In 938, the Magyars repeatedly attacked Saxony.
February 939: In 938, the Magyars repeatedly attacked Saxony. The territories were left after the raid.
January 941: In 940, the Magyars ravaged the region of Rome.
February 941: In 940, the Magyars ravaged the region of Rome. The territories were left after the raid.
January 943: Hungarians raided Spain, particularly Catalonia, in 942 AD.
February 943: Hungarians raided Spain, particularly Catalonia, in 942 AD. After the raid, they left the occupied regions.
January 948: In 947, Bulcsú, a Hungarian chieftain of Taksony, led a raid into Italy as far as Apulia.
February 948: In 947, Bulcsú, a Hungarian chieftain of Taksony, led a raid into Italy as far as Apulia.
August 955: The Hungarians invaded the Duchy of Bavaria in late June or early July 955.
1.1.Battle of Lechfeld
The Battle of Lechfeld was a series of military engagements over the course of three days from 10-12 August 955 in which the Kingdom of Germany, led by King Otto I the Great, annihilated the Hungarian army. With the German victory, further invasions by the Magyars into Latin Europe were ended.
August 955: Battle of Lechfeld.
September 955: The German forces of King Otto I the Great annihilated a Hungarian army (Second Battle of Lechfeld) led by harka Bulcsú and the chieftains Lél and Súr. With this German victory, further invasions by the Magyars into Latin Europe were ended.
Were a series of wars between a number of Muslim Arab dynasties and the Byzantine Empire from the 7th to the 11th century. Conflict started during the initial Muslim conquests, under the expansionist Rashidun and Umayyad caliphs, in the 7th century and continued by their successors until the mid-11th century.
January 928: Arab Campaign in southern Italy.
The Frankish Kingdom was partitioned and reuinited several times as the Frankish rulers used to divide their territories equally among their heirs. This lead also to a number of wars and revolts.
3.1.Incoronation of Otto I
East Frankish King Otto I was crowned first Holy Roman Emperor.
February 962: The Principality of Hungary or Duchy of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar Nagyfejedelemség: "Hungarian Grand Principality") was the earliest documented Hungarian state in the Carpathian Basin, established 895 or 896, following the 9th century Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin.
February 962: Territorial change based on data about the borders of Hungary in 962.
February 962: The Duchy of Bavaria was one of the Stem Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire.
Were a series of conflicts fought between the Byzantines and Bulgarians which began when the Bulgars first settled in the Balkan peninsula in the 5th century, and intensified with the expansion of the Bulgarian Empire to the southwest after 680 AD.
4.1.Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria
Was the invasion of the Bulgarian Empire by the Kievan Rus'.
September 971: Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimiskes and Sviatoslav I of Kiev agreed to a peace treaty: The Rus' army left the occupied territories, and their trading rights were re-affirmed in exchange for an oath to never again attack imperial territory.
4.1.1.Kievan Offensive
Was a military campaign by the invading Kievan Rus' in the Bulgarian Empire.
June 968: In August 967 or 968, the Rus' crossed the Danube into Bulgarian territory, defeated a Bulgarian army of 30,000 men in the Battle of Silistra, and occupied most of the Dobruja.
September 969: In summer 969, Sviatoslav returned to Bulgaria in force, accompanied by allied Pecheneg and Magyar contingents. Sviatoslav stormed the city. Thereafter Boris and Roman capitulated, and the Rus' rapidly established control over eastern and northern Bulgaria, placing garrisons in Dorostolon and the Bulgarian capital of Preslav.
4.2.Expansion of the Second Bulgarian Empire
Were a series of conquests by the Second Bulgarian Empire after it became independent from the Byzantine Empire.
January 1196: Belgrade conquered by Second Bulgarian Empire.
Was the revolt of Ajtony in modern-day Banat against the Kingdom of Hungary.
January 1031: King Stephen I of Hungary sent Csanád, Ajtony's former commander-in-chief, against him at the head of a large army. Csanád defeated and killed Ajtony, occupying his realm.
Were a series conflicts and naval campaigns waged for control of the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea between the Republic of Venice and the Principality of Croatia (later the Kingdom of Croatia, as well as the Kingdom of Croatia in personal union with Hungary).
6.1.Eigth Croatian-Venetian War
Was a war between the Republic of Venice and the kingdom of Croatia (at the time in Persona Union with Hungary) for the control of the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.
January 1106: In 1105 the Hungarians launched a war against the Venetians and retook the northeastern Adriatic coast.
January 1119: Venetian Doge Ordelaffo Falier managed to reconquer a large part of the disputed areas of Dalmatia, including Zara and many other cities, proclaiming himself Doge of Venice of Dalmatia and Croatia.
January 1119: A new peace treaty was concluded, according to which Zadar remained Venetian, while Zaravecchia, Šibenik, Trogir and Spalato remained in the Kingdom of Croatia-Hungary.
6.2.Ninth Croatian-Venetian War
In 1124, while the Doge was engaged against the Byzantine Empire (now hostile to Venice), Stephen II recovered Split and Trogir without resistance.
January 1125: In 1124, while the Doge was engaged against the Byzantine Empire (now hostile to Venice), Stephen II of Hungary recovered Split and Trogir without resistance.
January 1127: The Venetians attacked and retook Šibenik, Spalato and Trogir, while the fortress of Zaravecchia was razed to the ground.
6.3.Tenth Croatian-Venetian War
Was a war between the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Croatia (at the time in Persona Union with Hungary) for the control of the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.
January 1203: In 1202 the Venetians, with the help of Crusaders, reconquered and sacked Zadar.
6.4.Eleventh Croatian-Venetian War
Was a war between the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Croatia (at the time in Persona Union with Hungary) for the control of the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.
January 1358: In the summer of 1356 the king of Hungary launched a great military campaign and attacked all Venetian territories. Furthermore, he allied himself with the Duke of Austria, with the counts of Gorizia, with the Patriarch of Aquileia and the Paduan lord Francesco da Carrara. Within a year and a half, Hungarian armies entered Zadar, Split, Trogir, Šibenik and other Croatian coastal cities.
February 1358: In the Treaty of Zara, which was signed on February 18, 1358 in the monastery of San Francesco, the Republic of Venice renounced all the cities and islands of Dalmatia between the Gulf of Kvarner and the city of Durres (in today's Albania) in favor of the king of Hungary.
6.5.Fourteenth Croatian-Venetian War
Was a war between the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Croatia (at the time in Persona Union with Hungary) for the control of the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.
January 1421: Pietro Loredan sailed with fifteen galleys towards Dalmatia and retook Traù, Cattaro, Curzola, Spalato, Scutari.
Was a war fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary between 1127 and 1129.
January 1129: Roman Emperor John II marched against Hungary in 1128, where he defeated the royal troops in a battle at Haram, and "captured Frangochorion, the richest land in Hungary".
January 1129: Emperor John II marched against Hungary in 1128, where he defeated the royal troops in a battle at Haram, and "captured Frangochorion, the richest land in Hungary".
November 1129: Emperor John II Komnenos was forced to retreat from Hungary and sue for peace. The treaty was signed in October 1129. The Byzantines were confirmed in their control of Braničevo, Belgrade, and Zemun and they also recovered the region of Syrmia (called Frangochorion in Choniates).
Following the death of Mstislav I of Kiev in 1132, the semi-autonomous states of the Kievan Rus' were de facto independent.
January 1133: Territorial change based on available maps.
Was the invasion of northern Germany by king Canute VI of Denmark caused by disagreement with Adolf III, Count of Schauenburg and Holstein, over the possession of the island of Rügen.
January 1202: The Serbians annexed Belgrade, Braničevo, and Niš.
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the Medieval period. The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291.
10.1.Fourth Crusade
Was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem. However, the Western Crusaders sacked Constantinople in 1204 and partitioned the Byzantine Empire.
November 1202: The Siege of Zara was the first major action of the Fourth Crusade and the first attack against a Catholic city by Catholic crusaders. The crusaders had an agreement with Venice for transport across the sea, but the price far exceeded what they were able to pay. Venice set the condition that the crusaders help them capture Zara. Zara fell on 24 November.
10.2.Bosnian Crusade
Was a Hungarian war of conquest against the Banate of Bosnia sanctioned as a crusade.
January 1236: In 1236, the Banate of Bosnia was targeted in a Hungarian war of conquest sanctioned as a crusade. This conflict involved King Bela IV of Hungary and Ban Matej Ninoslav of Bosnia, with the goal of expanding Hungarian territory and influence in the region.
February 1236: Ban Matej Ninoslav of Bosnia was able to retake control of Bosnia.
Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.
11.1.Mongol Invasions of Hungary
Were a series of Mongol raids in Hungary.
11.1.1.First Mongol Invasion of Hungary
Was a Mongol raid in Hungary.
April 1241: The Raid of March 1241 - April 1242 was a devastating invasion by the Mongol Empire into the Kingdom of Hungary and Kingdom of Croatia. Led by Batu Khan and Subutai, the Mongols inflicted heavy casualties and widespread destruction, leaving a lasting impact on the region.
May 1241: The Raid of March 1241 - April 1242 was a devastating invasion led by the Mongol Empire under the command of Batu Khan and Subutai. The invasion resulted in widespread destruction and loss of life in the Kingdom of Hungary and Kingdom of Croatia. King Bela IV of Hungary was forced to flee to Austria.
11.1.2.Second Mongol Invasion of Hungary
Was a Mongol raid in Hungary.
January 1286: Kingdom of Hungary raided by the Golden Horde.
February 1286: The Golden Horde leaves the Kingdom of Hungary.
11.2.Mongol Invasions of Germany
Were a series of Mongol raids in Germany.
11.2.1.Second Mongol Invasion of Germany
The Mongols raided eastern Austria and southern Moravia again in December 1241 and January 1242.
January 1242: The Mongols raided eastern Austria and southern Moravia again in January 1242.
February 1242: The Mongols raided eastern Austria and southern Moravia again in January 1242. After the raid, the Mongols left these regions.
Was a brief conflict in the Duchy of Mačva (or Macsó), in the southern realm of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary.
January 1268: In 1267, the region of the Banate of Mačva was taken over by the Kingdom of Hungary.
January 1269: Serbia king Stefan Uroš I brought an invasion force to Mačva, and did considerable damage to the city until Hungarian reinforcements under Béla IV from the north came to fight off the Serbs.
February 1269: Serbia king Stefan Uroš I brought an invasion force to Mačva, and did considerable damage to the city until Hungarian reinforcements under Béla IV from the north came to fight off the Serbs.
Was a war between the Kingdom of Hungary, led by Louis the Great, and the Kingdom of Naples.
13.1.Hungarian Invasion of Naples
Was the Hungarian Invasion of the Kingdom of Naples led by king Louis the Great.
November 1347: In 1347, Louis I of Hungary crossed the Neapolitan border without resistance, seizing control of the Kingdom of Naples border region. This military occupation was part of Louis I's expansionist policies in Italy.
January 1348: In 1348, during the Battle of Capua, Hungarian King Louis I defeated the army of Louis of Taranto, who was the claimant to the throne of Naples. This victory led to the military occupation of Capua by Hungary.
February 1348: All the barons of the Kingdom of Naples swore loyalty to the new Hungarian ruler as he marched to Naples from Benevento.
13.2.Hungarian Expulsion of Naples
Was the expulsion of the Hungarian forces from Naples.
January 1349: Having established his control over the Kingdom of Naples without too much difficulty, Louis of Hungary was suddenly forced into retreat by the arrival of the black plague
Expansion during the rule of Algirdas in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
January 1363: Expansion of Lithuania by 1362.
Were several wars fought in the years 1340-1392 over the succession in the Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia.
January 1371: Louis was promised the territories if Casimir died without an heir. After Casimir's death, Between 1370 and 1387 Galicia was ruled by the Hungarian crown.
January 1371: In 1370, Liubartas took advantage of Casimir's death and captured all of Volhynia, including Volodymyr-Volynskyi.
January 1377: In 1376 the war resumed: Liubartas, Kęstutis, and Yuri of Belz attacked Sandomierz and Tarnów, reaching as far as Kraków.
February 1377: In 1376, the war resumed between the Kingdom of Poland (Hungary) and the Lithuanian rulers Liubartas, Kęstutis, and Yuri of Belz. They attacked Sandomierz, Tarnów, and even reached Kraków, causing turmoil in the region.
January 1383: After Louis death in 1382, Liubartas captured castles ruled by Hungarians (including Kremenets and Przemyśl).
January 1388: In 1387, Jadwiga attached Galicia to Poland for good.
Dissolution of Serbia after the Battle of Maritsa between the Ottoman Empire and Serbia.
September 1371: After the dissolution of the Serbian Empire, the Vojinović family established a personal domain in 1371.
Were a series of wars between the Republic of Venice and the Republic of Genoa.
17.1.War of Chioggia
Was a conflict between Genoa and Venice which lasted from 1378 to 1381, from which Venice emerged triumphant.
August 1380: Arbe conquered by genoa.
Expansion during the rule of Murad II in the Ottoman Sultanate.
18.1.Ottoman annexion of Serbia
Serbia was invaded and annexed by the Ottoman Empire.
January 1441: In 1440, Ottoman Sultan Murad II besieged Belgrade, a key fortress on Hungary's border. The siege was led by Hungarian military commander John Hunyadi, who successfully defended the city against the Ottoman forces.
January 1441: In 1440, Sultan Murad II of the Ottoman Empire failed to capture Belgrade from Hungary (Personal Union with Poland). He had to return to Anatolia to defend against attacks by the Karamanids.
Wars during the rule of Mehmed II in the Ottoman Sultanate.
January 1459: Ragusa conquered by the Ottomans.
19.1.Siege of Belgrade (1456)
After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror rallied his resources to subjugate the Kingdom of Hungary. His immediate objective was the border fort of the town of Belgrade (Hungarian: Nándorfehérvár).
July 1456: Siege of Belgrade.
19.2.Ottoman-Venetian War (1463-1479)
Was a war between the Republic of Venice and the ottoman Empire. Several Venetian territories were captured and annexed by the Ottomans.
Were a series of raids by the Ottomans in the Friuli region during the 15th and 16th centuries, in the context of tensions between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire.
January 1464: Ottoman incursion in Friuli of 1463.
February 1464: Ottoman incursion in Friuli of 1463. The Ottomans left the region after the incursion.
Was a war that began when the Kingdom of Bohemia was invaded by the king of Hungary, Matthias Corvinus.
January 1469: In 1468, Matthias Corvinus, the King of Hungary, seized control of Moravia and Silesia from George of Poděbrad, who was the King of Bohemia. Matthias then declared himself the King of Bohemia, asserting his power over the region.
April 1479: The Peace of Olomouc was signed between Matthias Corvinus of Hungary and King Vladislaus II of Bohemia (and Hungary, later), bringing the Bohemian-Hungarian War (1468-1478) to an end. Based on the terms of the treaty, Vladislaus would cede the territories of Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia to Corvinus.
Was a military conflict between the Kingdom of Hungary under Mathias Corvinus and the Habsburg Archduchy of Austria under Frederick V (also Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III).
May 1484: Matthias Corvinus invaded Frederick's Austrian lands in the battle of Leitzersdorf.
June 1485: Siege of Vienna.
October 1486: Retz is besieged by Hungary.
January 1487: Siege of Wiener Neustadt.
August 1487: Siege of Wiener Neustadt. After hungary's victory Austria ceded the western lands of Lower Austria, Styria and Carinthia to the Kingdom of Hungary.
May 1490: When Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus died from a stroke on 6 April 1490, Frederick of Habsburg was able to reconquer the Austrian lands.
Conquests and wars with Ottoman involvement during the rule of Suleiman I.
August 1521: Siege of Belgrade.
23.1.Ottoman invasion of Hungary
Was a Ottoman military campaign that led to the collapse of the Kingdom of Hungary in the Battle of Mohács fought on 29 August 1526.
Was an anti-Habsburg revolt in Hungary led by Francis II Rákóczi.
October 1705: A meeting of the Hungarian Diet (consisting of 6 bishops, 36 aristocrats and about 1000 representatives of the lower nobility of 25 counties), held near Szécsény in September 1705, elected Rákóczi to be the "fejedelem"- (ruling) prince - of the Confederated Estates of the Kingdom of Hungary.
August 1708: At the Battle of Trenčín, on 3 August 1708, Rákóczi's horse stumbled, and he fell to the ground, which knocked him unconscious. The kuruc forces thought him dead and fled. This defeat was fatal for the uprising. Numerous Kuruc leaders transferred their allegiance to the Emperor, hoping for clemency. Rákóczi's forces became restricted to the area around Munkács and Szabolcs County.
February 1711: Not trusting the word of János Pálffy, who was the Emperor's envoy charged with negotiations with the rebels, the Prince left the Kingdom of Hungary for Poland.
Was a Civil War in Russia that involved varios factions but mainly the Bolsheviks and the conservative White Army in the core Russian territories, as well as a multitude of local secessionist states. At the end of war the Bolsheviks were victorious and established the Soviet Union.
25.1.Ukrainian-Soviet War
Was a conflict between Ukrainian nationalist forces and the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War. It also included a multitude of ethnical and local factions.
November 1918: The West Ukrainian People's Republic was proclaimed.
Was a global conflict between two coalitions, the Allies (primarily France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). It was mainly caused by the competition of the western countries over domain in Europe and in the rest of the world with their colonial empires. The war ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. The war also caused the Russian Revolution and the ensuing Russian Civil War.
26.1.World War I eastern Front
Was the theatre of war in eastern Europe during World War I.
26.1.1.Romania during World War I
Romanian theatre of World War I.
November 1918: On November 10 Romania declared war once again to the Central Powers.
26.2.Aftermath of World War I
Were a series of treaties and military events that can be considered a direct consequence of World War I.
March 1919: Béla Kun proclaimed Hungary a Soviet Republic, and renounced the passive policy of accepting territorial losses dictated by the Entente.
June 1919: On June 21, 1919, the Banat region was divided between Romania, Serbia and Hungary.
26.2.1.Aftermath of World War I in Poland
Events that happened shortly after the end of World War I in Poland.
26.2.1.Aster Revolution
Was a revolution in Hungary led by Count Mihály Károlyi in the aftermath of World War I which led to the foundation of the short-lived First Hungarian People's Republic.
October 1918: A revolution in Hungary led by Count Mihály Károlyi, in the aftermath of World War I, led to the foundation of the short-lived First Hungarian People's Republic.
26.2.2.Hungarian-Czechoslovak War
Was a war between Hungary and Czechoslovakia after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the end of World War I.
June 1919: In the face of advancing Hungarian troops, the Allies began to put pressure on the Hungarian government and, within three weeks with Kun's assurances of Russian support failing to materialize, Hungary was forced to withdraw from Slovakia.
26.2.2.1.Czech invasion of northern Slovakia
Was a Czech military operation against Hungary in northern Slovakia.
November 1918: Czechoslovakia wanted to include the territory of Slovakia (then Upper Hungary), which until now belonged to Hungary. On November 2, the 25th Battalion entered Slovakia.
November 1918: Czechoslovak forces penetrated through Gbely to Malacek.
November 1918: On November 8, a temporary demarcation line between Hungary and Czechoslovakia was negotiated between Lieutenant Ripka and Hungarian Major Brandstätter, leading from Devínská Nová Ves to Malinský vrch and further to the Little Carpathians.
November 1918: Colonel Hančík with 120 men occupied Trnava.
November 1918: Czechoslovaks occupied Trenčín and then the main strongholds in Pováží.
November 1918: In Trnava, the Hungarians created an armed guard.
November 1918: Czechoslovaks commanded by Captain Kurz occupied Žilina without a fight.
November 1918: The Czech units occupied Turany.
November 1918: The city of Turany was conquered by a Hungarian armored train.
November 1918: The Hungarians occupied Vrútky and forced the Czechoslovaks to retreat on the north bank of the Váh towards Žilina.
November 1918: The Hungarians were defeated and Trnava found itself in Czechoslovak hands again.
November 1918: The Czech war council designated a new temporary demarcation line with Hungary: Bratislava - north bank of the Danube - along Ipeľ - Pinciná - estuary of Uhu to Laborec - along Uhu - Užocký pas.
November 1918: Piešťany and Hlohovec are occupied by Czech troops.
December 1918: Other Czech reinforcements arrived in Hlohovec, which by 10 December occupied the towns of Sereď, Modra and Pezinok.
December 1918: Schöbl then sent the 1st Volunteer Regiment, commanded by Major Pirník, to secure the surroundings of Nitra.
26.2.2.2.Czech invasion of eastern Slovakia
Was a Czech military operation against Hungary in eastern Slovakia.
December 1918: The Slovak People's Republic was a short-existing state which lasted from 11 December to 29 December 1918.
December 1918: Zbolen was occupied by Czechoslovak troops.
26.2.2.3.Czech invasion of southern Slovakia
Was a Czech military operation against Hungary in southern Slovakia.
January 1919: On the night of January 2-3, Czechoslovak forces occupied Lučenec.
January 1919: On January 9 without a fight, Nové Zámky, was occupied by Czech forces.
January 1919: Komárno conquered by Czechoslovak Republic.
January 1919: The Ipeľ basin was cleared from the Hungarians via Kováčová, Bušinka, Mikušovka to Pinciná. These territories were occupied by Czechoslovak troops.
January 1919: The southern bank of Ipeľ was occupied by Czechoslovak troops.
January 1919: The cities of Perečín, Velký Berezný, Užok, Veľké Kapušany and Vojany were occupied by Czechoslovak troops.
January 1919: The whole territory of Slovakia was under Czechoslovak control.
26.2.2.4.Hungarian Counterattack (Hungarian-Czechoslovak War)
Was Hungarian counterattack against Czech invading forces during the Hungarian-Czechoslovak War.
May 1919: Hungarian Colonel Aurél Stromfeld, attacked in force and routed Czechoslovak troops from Miskolc, also recapturing Košice and Prešov.
June 1919: The Slovak Soviet Republic was a short-lived Communist state in southeast Slovakia in existence from 16 June 1919 to 7 July 1919.
26.2.3.Hungarian-Romanian War
Was a war between Romania and Hungary over territorial disputes after the dissolution of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I.
26.2.3.1.Romanian occupation of Transylvania
At the beginning of the Hungarian-Romanian War Romanian troops occupied Transylvania, a territory promised to Romania by the Entente in the Treaty of Bucharest (1916).
November 1918: The first Romanian troops enter Hungary and occupy the Gyergyótölgyes mountain pass accessing the Székely Land Region.
November 1918: The Romanian Army occupied Marosvásárhely (Târgu-Mureș).
December 1918: The Union of Transylvania with Romania was officiated by the elected representatives of the Romanian people of Transylvania, who proclaimed a union with Romania.
December 1918: The Romanian Army enters Brașov, in southeastern Transylvania.
December 1918: Romanian troops enter Nagyszeben (Sibiu) in southern Transylvania.
December 1918: Romanian troops enter Cluj (Kolozsvár).
January 1919: Romanian troops reached Baia Mare.
January 1919: The Romanian Army enters Sighetu Marmației.
January 1919: Romanian troops now control the entire territory up to the new demarcation line indicated by the Entente powers. Inner Transylvania and Maramureș are under Romanian control, leaving Banat under Serbian, and Crișana under Hungarian control.
April 1919: Romanian troops enter Carei (Nagykároly) and Satu Mare (Szatmárnémeti).
April 1919: The Romanian Army entered Oradea (Nagyvárad) and Salonta (Nagyszalonta).
26.2.3.2.Romanian invasion of Hungary to conquer further territories
Was a Romanian military invasion of Hungary after Romania had already occupied Transylvania.
May 1919: The Romanian Army reaches the river Tisza.
May 1919: Romanian army units enter Arad.
August 1919: French-supported Romanian forces entered Budapest. The Communist government of Hungary collapsed and its leaders flee.
August 1919: Romania occupied all of Hungary with the exception of an area around Lake Balaton.
January 1920: In early 1920, Romanian troops departed Hungary. All of Hungary but a region around Lake Balaton was evacuated.
26.2.3.3.Hungarian Offensive (Hungarian-Romanian War)
Was the Hungarian counteroffensive against Romanian troops that had invaded the country during the Hungarian-Romanian War.
July 1919: Hungary invaded Romanian border regions after the Tisza river.
July 1919: Mindszent and Törökszentmiklós reconquered by Romania.
26.2.3.4.Hungarian-Romanian War Aftermath
The border between Romania and Hungary after World War I was decided in the The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919).
September 1919: The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye is signed, recognizing Romanian sovereignty over Bukovina but the frontiers of Romania was to be later fixed.
September 1919: The Treaty of St. Germain established the borders of the Czechoslovak Republic.
26.2.4.Establishment of the Hutsul Republic
Was the creation of Republic of Hutsul in Ukraine during the dissolution of Austria-Hungary.
January 1919: The Hutsul Republic was declared on January 8, 1919, in the Carpathian Mountains of Ukraine.
June 1919: The Hutsul Republic was occupied by Hungarian police.
October 1919: The territory of Hutsul accepted the admission into the First Czechoslovak Republic in September 1919, where it remained during the interwar period.
26.2.5.Aftermath of World War I in Hungary
Events that happened shortly after the end of World War I in Hungary.
August 1919: The Hungarian Soviet Republic ended when Hungarians sent representatives to negotiate their surrender to the Romanian forces.
February 1920: On 29 February 1920, the parliament restored the Hungarian monarchy, ending the republic, and in March, annulled both the Pragmatic Sanction of 1723 and the Compromise of 1867. The parliament postponed electing a king until civil disorder had subsided. Former Austro-Hungarian admiral Miklós Horthy became regent, a position he would hold until 1944.
Was an uprising in the city of Sopron in western Hungary that had been assigned to Austria after World War I. After a referendum Sopron and its surrounding eigth villages were transferred from Austria to Hungary.
December 1921: The Sopron plebiscite took place on December 14-16, 1921. Sopron and surronding areas are awarded to Hungary.
On 29 September, the Munich Agreement was signed by Germany, Italy, France, and Britain. The Munich Agreement stipulated that Czechoslovakia must cede Sudeten territory to Germany. Germany dismembered Czechoslovakia.
November 1938: Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy sought a non-violent way to enforce the territorial claims of the Kingdom of Hungary and to revise the Treaty of Trianon of 1920. The First Vienna Award separated largely Magyar-populated territories in southern Slovakia and southern Carpathian Rus from Czechoslovakia and "awarded" them to Hungary.
March 1939: Carpatho-Ukraine was proclaimed an independent republic, headed by president Avgustyn Voloshyn.
March 1939: Carpatho-Ukraine was returned to the Kingdom of Hungary, crushing all local resistance.
March 1939: Eastern Slovakia conquered by Kingdom of Hungary.
Was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945 (it started sooner in certain regions) between the Axis Powers (mainly Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (mainly the Soviet Union, the U.S.A., the U.K., China and France). It was the war with more fatalities in history. The war in Asia began when Japan invaded China on July 7, 1937. The war in Europe began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. The war ended with the complete defeat of the Axis powers, which were occupied by the Allies.
29.1.World War II (Eastern Theatre)
Was the Eastern European theatre of World War II.
December 1944: Territorial changes based on the known frontline of the eastern front of World War II in that date.
January 1945: Frontline of the Soviet offensive to the Oder in that date.
29.1.1.Hungarian Expansion from the Second Vienna Award
Refers to the second Vienna Award, the second of two territorial disputes arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. It took place on 30 August 1940 and assigned Northern Transylvania from Romania to Hungary.
August 1940: The Second Vienna Award was the second of two territorial disputes arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Rendered on 30 August 1940, it assigned the territory of Northern Transylvania (including all of Maramureș and part of Crișana) from Romania to Hungary. Hungarian annexation of Northern Transylvania occured until 13 september 1940.
September 1940: The Second Vienna Award was the second of two territorial disputes arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Rendered on 30 August 1940, it assigned the territory of Northern Transylvania (including all of Maramureș and part of Crișana) from Romania to Hungary. Hungarian annexation of Northern Transylvania occured until 13 september 1940.
29.1.2.German invasion of Hungary
Was the occupation of Hungary by German Nazi troops during World War II.
March 1944: The Germans occupy Hungary.
29.1.3.Operation Bagration
Was the Soviet offensive against German-occupied Belarus during World War II.
29.1.3.1.Šiauliai Offensive
Was an operation of the Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front, commanded by General Hovhannes Bagramyan, conducted from 5 July to 29 August 1944. It drove German troops from much of Lithuania, with the main tactical objective being the city of Šiauliai.
August 1944: Soviet advances during Operation Bagraton and Šiauliai Offensive.
29.1.4.Battle of Romania
The Soviet Operations to drive out the Axis powers from Romania during World War II.
September 1944: Soviet advance in Romania on 8 September 1944.
September 1944: By 24 September 1944, nearly all of Romania was under Allied control.
29.1.4.1.Jassy-Kishinev Offensive
Was a Soviet offensive against Axis forces in Eastern Romania during World War II.
August 1944: Troops of the USSR 7th Guards Army stormed Bacău and the 40th Army took Târgu Neamț.
29.1.5.Battle of Debrecen
Was a battle taking place 6-29 October 1944 on the Eastern Front in Hungary during World War II.
29.1.6.Soviet Invasion of Hungary
Was the Soviet invasion of German-occupied Hungary during World War II.
April 1945: Soviet operations in Hungary ended on 4 April 1945, when the last German troops were expelled.
29.1.6.1.Battle of Budapest
Was the 50-day-long encirclement by Soviet and Romanian forces of the German-occupied Hungarian capital of Budapest.
October 1944: The Red Army started its offensive against the city of Budapest.
29.1.6.2.Operation Spring Awakening
Was the last major German offensive of World War II. It took place in Western Hungary on the Eastern Front and lasted from 6 March until 15 March, 1945. The objective was to secure the last significant oil reserves still available to the European Axis powers and prevent the Red Army from advancing towards Vienna. It was a failure for Nazi Germany.
March 1945: German occupation of Balaton lake region (line of 15 march).
March 1945: Soviet counterattack in Hungary.
March 1945: Soviet forces continue to advance in Hungary towards Austria.
29.1.7.Soviet Invasion of Slovakia
Was the Soviet invasion of Slovakia near the end of World War II.
March 1945: In Czechoslovakia, troops of Second Ukrainian Front take communications center of Banska Bystrica.
29.1.8.Vienna Offensive
Was an offensive launched by the Red Army in order to capture Vienna, Austria, during World War II. .
March 1945: The German bridgehead at Komárom was eliminated by Soviet forces.
29.2.World War II (Balkan Theatre)
Was the theatre of conflict of World War II that took place in the Balkans.
29.2.1.Invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis
Was a military operation by the Axis forces that resulted in the occupation and partition of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
29.2.1.1.Surrender and partition of Yugoslavia
Was the partition of Yugoslavia among the invading Axis forces.
April 1941: Yugoslavia was partitioned ca. April 20-22, 1941 among the Axis countries (Italy and Germany) and their satellite states (Hungary, Bulgaria, Albania).
29.2.1.2.Hungarian Offensive (Axis invasion of Yugoslavia)
Was the offensive of the Hungarian army during the Axis invasion of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
April 1941: The Hungarian 1st Parachute Battalion captured canal bridges at Vrbas and Srbobran. Meanwhile, Sombor was captured against determined Chetnik resistance, and Subotica was also captured.
April 1941: The Hungarian 1st and 2nd Motorised Brigades occupied Novi Sad.
April 1941: The Hungarian army captured Vinkovci and Vukovar on 18 April.
April 1941: Valjevo conquered by hungary.
April 1941: Hungarian forces occupied the Yugoslavian regions of Prekmurje and Međimurje.
29.2.2.Establishment of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was a provisional state established during World War II on 29 November 1943 through the Second Session of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ). .
November 1943: The Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was a provisional state established during World War II on 29 November 1943 through the Second Session of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ).
29.3.End of World War II in Europe
Refers to the surrender of Axis forces and the end of World War II and to the territorial changes that were a direct consequence of World War II but happened after the traditional end of the War.
February 1947: Three villages (Horvátújfalu, Oroszvár, and Dunacsún) situated south of Bratislava were transferred to Czechoslovakia.
January 929: The first king of Croatia Tomislav defeated Hungarian and Bulgarian invasions and spread the influence of Croatian kings northward to Slavonia.
February 962: Adjustement based on droysen map.
January 981: Expansion of the Kievan Rus' by 981 AD.
December 1000: The principality of Hungary was succeeded by the Christian Kingdom of Hungary with the coronation of St Stephen I at Esztergom on Christmas Day 1000.
January 1001: Ajtony was the chief, shortly after the year 1000, of part of a territory later called "Banat" in Hungary. The core of his tribal domain was the region of Maros.
January 1001: Expansion of the Kievan Rus' by 1000 AD.
January 1076: During the reign of Peter Krešimir IV the Croatian rulers regained their power in Dalmatia.
January 1092: The Cumans of southern Ruthenia took control of the lands of Wallachia.
January 1092: In 1091 Ladislaus of Hungary crossed the Drava river and conquered the entire province of Slavonia without encountering opposition.
January 1103: The Croatian nobility recognised Coloman of Hungary as their king. Coloman was crowned in Biograd in 1102 and the title now claimed by Coloman was "King of Hungary, Dalmatia, and Croatia".
January 1108: In 1107 the city of Traù (today Trogir in Croatia) was conquered by King Coloman of Hungary.
January 1109: In 1108, the territory of present-day Slovakia was incorporated into the Kingdom of Hungary.
January 1117: After Hungarian king Coloman's death in 1116, the Venetian Doge Ordelafo Faliero returned from Outremer and retook all the Dalmatian cities, and also, for the first time, the Croatian cities of the coast such as Biograd and Šibenik.
January 1118: In 1117 Split again acknowledged Hungarian rule.
January 1119: The new Venetian Doge, Domenico Michiel, quickly defeated the Hungarians again and restored Venetian authority in Split by 1118.
January 1126: Biograd (at the time called Zaravecia/Zaravecchia after 1204) was againa Venetian colony from 1125.
January 1127: Zaravecia/Zaravecchia (today Biograd) is occupied by Hungarian forces.
January 1134: Sebenego/Sebenico (today Šibenik) was a Venetian colony from 1133.
January 1142: Hungarian King Géza II, having conquered Bosnian lands, marched to Split and Trogir.
January 1150: The Hungarians took back western Romania from the Cumans.
January 1155: Traditional foundation of Bosnia.
January 1166: Emperor Manuel I Komnenos took advantage of the internal conflicts in Hungary and forced the young king to cede Dalmatia and the Szerémség region (Srem, Serbia) to the Byzantines in 1165.
January 1186: Uprising of Asen and Peter: almost all of Bulgaria to the north of the Balkan Mountains (the region known as Moesia) immediately joined the rebels.
January 1191: When Stephen III of Hungary died childless in 1172, his brother, Béla III, ascended the throne. He reconquered Dalmatia and the Szerémség in the 1180s.
January 1197: Bulgarian conquests around 1196.
January 1201: During the reign of Hrvatinić family, since the beginning of 13th century, the territory of Donji Kraji included areas and parishes around Sana river, Glaž, to Grmeč mountain on the west and to the middle course of the Vrbas river on the east.
January 1204: The Hungarian army in several battles along the valley of the Morava river was defeated, and their former territory were recaptured.
January 1212: In return for help suppressing a major rebellion in 1211, Boril of Buglaria was forced to cede Belgrade and Braničevo to Hungary.
January 1212: After Christian forces were defeated in the Middle East, the Teutonic Order moved to Transylvania in 1211 to help defend the South-Eastern borders of the Kingdom of Hungary against the Cumans.
January 1215: In a compromise agreement made in 1214 between Hungary and Poland, the throne of Galicia-Volhynia was given to Andrew's son, Coloman of Lodomeria, who had married Leszek the White's daughter, Salomea.
February 1221: After his coronation, Ivan Asen II arranged a wedding with Anna Maria, daughter of the Hungarian king Andrew II, and received the cities of Belgrade and Braničevo as a dowry.
January 1222: In 1221, Mstislav Mstislavich, son of Mstislav Rostislavich, liberated Galicia-Volhynia from the Hungarians.
January 1226: The Teutonic Knights were expelled from Tarnsylvania by force of arms by King Andrew II of Hungary in 1225, after attempting to place themselves under papal instead of the original Hungarian sovereignty and thus to become independent.
January 1247: The Hungarians occupied Belgrade and Braničevo.
January 1261: In 1260, Constantine Tikh recovered Vidin and occupied the Severin Banat.
January 1262: A Hungarian counterattack forced the Bulgarians to retreat to Tarnovo, restoring Vidin to Rostislav.
January 1269: Brač Island (Braza/Brazza) is a Venetian Colony.
January 1274: Darman and Kudelin were two Bulgarian nobles who jointly ruled the region of Braničevo in modern Serbia as independent or semi-independent autocrats in the late 13th century (1273-1291). They were known for their military prowess and strategic alliances in the region.
January 1281: In 1280, Prince Lev of Galicia-Volhynia defeated Hungary and annexed part of Transcarpathia, including the city of Munkács. This territory was then incorporated into the Kingdom of Rus' under the rule of the Golden Horde.
August 1301: When the King of Hungary died, Wenceslaus II of Bohemia was able to place his infant son on the Hungarian throne.
January 1302: After the extinction of the Árpád dynasty in 1301, Ugrin Csak became one of the so-called oligarchs or provincial lords, who ruled de facto independently their dominions.
October 1305: Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, who had inherited Bohemia from his father, renounced his claim to Hungary on behalf of Otto III.
January 1311: Wallachia, the first independent medieval state between the Carpathians and the lower Danube was created by Basarab I (c. 1310-1352).
January 1312: When Ugrin Csák died in 1311, his dominion was soon integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary.
January 1320: In 1319 Charles I of Hungary regained control over Belgrade and banovina Mačva while Milutin held control in Braničevo.
January 1323: Venetian colony in Šibenik (Sebenego/Sebenico).
January 1326: Belgrade and the northern part of Banate of Macsó along the river Sava remained under the rule of the Kingdom of Hungary.
January 1327: Ban Stephen II gained territories, expending his realm to the coast by annexing space between mouths of the Cetina and the Neretva rivers, and all in between Bosnia main proper and the coast, namely vast expanses of karst poljes of Livanjsko, Duvanjsko and Glamočko, which will from that point on be known as Završje, until territorial reconfiguration under Ottomans. .
January 1327: Ban also annexed towns and forts of Imotski, Livno, Duvno, Glamoč, Grahovo.
January 1329: Nin (Nona)was a Venetian colon in the periods 1328-1358 and 1409-1797.
January 1331: Wallachia fell under hungarian control.
January 1331: Basarab refused to grant Hungary the lands of Făgăraș, Almaș and the Banate of Severin, defeated Charles in the Battle of Posada (1330).
January 1332: Hvar Island (Łexina/Lesina) becomes a Venetian Colony.
January 1337: He became involved in larger conflicts with the Hungarians, but these clashes were mostly defensive. Dušan's armies were initially defeated by Charles I of Hungary's 80,000-strong royal armies in Šumadija in 1336. As the Hungarians advanced south towards a hostile terrain, Dušan's cavalry launched several attacks in the narrow open fields, resulting in a rout of Hungarian troops, which retreated to the north of Danube. Charles I was wounded by an arrow but survived. As a result, the Hungarians lost Mačva and Belgrade.
January 1347: In the 14th century, King Charles I of Hungary attempted to expand his realm and the influence of the Catholic Church eastwards after the fall of Cuman rule, and ordered a campaign under the command of Phynta de Mende (1324). In 1342 and 1345, the Hungarians were victorious in a battle against Tatar-Mongols and founded the Moldavian mark in 1346.
January 1351: In 1350, during the reign of Serbian Emperor Stefan Dušan, the Serbs led a military campaign that resulted in the ravaging of the countryside. One of their armies reached the territories of Duvno and Cetina, causing destruction and chaos in the region.
January 1351: Krka was reached by Serbian forces.
January 1351: Stefan Dušan entered Dalmatia to protect her sister's domains of Klis and Skradin.
January 1351: Imotski and Novi conquered by Serbian Empire.
January 1357: Klis was conquered by the Croatian general Nikola Banic for the Hungarian king sometime after 1356, ending Serbian presence in Dalmatia.
February 1358: Venetian Dubrovnik refers to the periods when the city-state of Dubrovnik was under the control of the Republic of Venice. The Republic of Ragusa, also known as Ragusa, was a maritime republic centered in the city of Dubrovnik. In 1358, the territory of Dubrovnik was transferred to the Republic of Ragusa from Hungary.
January 1360: Bogdan of Cuhea, voivode fof the Wallachians, who had fallen out with the Hungarian king, crossed the Carpathians in 1359, took control of Moldavia, and succeeded in becoming thre first independent ruler of Moldavia.
January 1366: In 1365, the Tsardom of Vidin was occupied by Hungarian crusaders.
January 1370: The Hungarian occupation of the Tsardom of Vidin was short-lived.
November 1370: Immediately after Casimir's death in 1370, the heirless king's nephew Louis of Hungary of the Capetian House of Anjou assumed the Polish throne. During the reign of Louis I, Poland formed a Polish-Hungarian union.
January 1382: The Duchy of Masovia is partitioned from Poland.
November 1384: The Hungarian-Polish union lasted for twelve years and ended in war. After Louis's death in 1382 and a power struggle that resulted in the Greater Poland Civil War, the Polish nobility decided that Jadwiga, Louis's youngest daughter, should become the next "King of Poland"; Jadwiga arrived in 1384 and was crowned at the age of eleven. The failure of the union of Poland and Hungary paved the way for the union of Lithuania and Poland.
August 1387: Tvrtko took control of the Klis Fortress in July 1387.
December 1387: Ostrovica Fortress submitted to Bosnian forces in November, followed by Trogir.
January 1389: Władysław II Jagiełło, needing financial support for his battles against the Teutonic Knights, used the region of Pokuttya as a guarantee for a loan which he obtained from Petru II of Moldavia.
June 1389: The Dalmatian cities are conquered by Tvrtko I of Bosnia.
June 1390: In May 1390, the cities and the Dalmatian islands finally surrendered to Tvrtko.
January 1392: Prince Petru of Moldavia expanded his rule southwards to the Danube Delta.
January 1393: Roman I conquered the Hungarian-ruled Cetatea Albă in 1392, giving Moldavia an outlet to the Black Sea.
January 1401: Mircea the Elder (the Voivode of Wallachia) defeated the Ottomans in several battles, including the Battle of Rovine in 1394, driving them away from Dobruja and briefly extending his rule to the Danube Delta, Dobruja and Silistra (c. 1400-1404).
January 1410: Following the war of the Hungarian dynastic succession at the end of the 14th and beginning of the 15th century and the consequent conflict for the crown between Sigismund of Luxembourg and Ladislaus of Naples, the latter sold his rights over Dalmatia to the Republic of Venice in 1409 for the sum of 100,000 ducats. This led to the formation of Venetian Dalmatia.
January 1410: In 1409 king Ladislaus I sold Zadar and Nin to the Venetians.
January 1410: The fortress of Novigrad was part of Republic of Venice from 1409.
March 1412: The Treaty of Lubowla of 1412 was a treaty between Władysław II, King of Poland, and Sigismund of Luxemburg, King of Hungary. The treaty defined the border between the two countries.
January 1428: As an immediate result of Stefan's death, Serbia had to return Belgrade to the Kingdom of Hungary, but kept Mačva.
July 1440: Vladislaus, king of Poland, was crowned despite continuing disputes.
July 1440: Vladislaus, king of Poland, was crowned king of Hungary despite continuing disputes.
November 1444: King Vladislaus' death in battle in 1444 ended the union of Hungary with Poland.
November 1444: Vladislaus' death in battle in 1444 ended the union with Poland.
January 1447: King Tomaš of Bosnia, also known as Stephen Tomašević, was the last Bosnian king before the Ottoman conquest. Despot Đurađ Branković was a Serbian ruler. The capture of Srebrenica in 1446 was part of the ongoing conflicts between the Kingdom of Bosnia and the Serbian Despotate.
October 1448: In September 1448, the Bosnians were defeated by a Serbian army led by Thomas Kantakouzenos, who reconquered Srebrenica and also took Višegrad.
January 1458: Temporarily relieved of the southern threat, Lazar of Serbia turned to the north and Hungarian internal battles, which he joined on the side of King Ladislaus, managing to capture the town of Kovin and several other towns on the left bank of the Danube in 1457.
January 1478: Based on Gustav Droysen's Map of the Holy Roman Empire in the XV century.
September 1490: Not wanting another heavy-handed king, the hungarian nobles procured the accession of Vladislaus II, the king of Bohemia.
October 1526: Right after the battle of Mohács, Jovan Nenad appeared between Tisza and Danube as a leader of a Serb regiment. He quickly drove the Ottomans from Bačka and parts of Banat and Syrmia, which he then ruled independently.
November 1526: Battle of Mohacs.
August 1921: The Serb-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic was a short-lived, Soviet-oriented mini-state, proclaimed in Pécs, that occupied Hungarian territory during the peacemaking aftermath of the first World War.
August 1921: The authorities of the new Serb-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic did not manage to gain international recognition, and since the withdrawal of the Yugoslav kingdom's army, Horthy's forces entered into the region and put an end to the Republic. From 21-25 August 1921, the region was reintegrated into Hungary.
February 1946: The Second Hungarian Republic was established in 1946.
August 1949: Hungary was formally proclaimed to be a people's republic with the Communists as the sole legal party.
October 1989: The HPR remained in existence until 1989, when opposition forces brought the end of communism in Hungary.
January 2012: Until 2012, the official full form of Hungary was the Republic of Hungary (Hungarian Magyar Köztársaság).
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Flemming, Thomas / Steinhage, Axel / Strunk, Peter (1995): Chronik 1946: Tag für Tag in Wort und Bild, Chronik-Verlag/Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag,p. 26
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